|
| Deposited material | Deposition method | Area of studies | Findings |
|
| HA | Plasma spray | — | Low adhesion of the coating layer to the substrate [54]. |
| Vacuum-plasma-sprayed | Using titanium intermediate coating layer | Good interlocking between PEEK substrate and intermediate Ti layer and preventing damage of the substrate [55]. |
| Radio frequency magnetron sputtering | Crystalline YSZ layer was deposited as an intermediate layer | Enhancement crystallinity of HA deposited layer during sintering [56]. |
| Plasma spraying | Crystallographic compositions, adhesions, and microstructures of HA coating via plasma spraying method on different PEEK (unfilled and CF/PEEK) specimens were studied and compared with HA coating on Ti-6Al-4V | Almost the same structure of HA coatings for PEEK and Ti-6Al-4V substrate. Plasma spraying method does not have a negative effect on mechanical properties of PEEK [57]. |
| Vacuum-plasma-sprayed | In vitro study with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and in vivo study | Viability improvement and enhancement of cell differentiation and proliferation. Promoting of bone growth [58]. |
| Aerosol deposition | Microstructure, in vivo, in vitro study | Dense microstructure with no pores and cracks. Enhancement of bioactivity in terms of cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion morphology, and bone-implant contact ratio [59]. |
| Spin coating | In vivo osseointegration (histomorphometry) study | Improvement of bone-to-implant contact area [60]. |
| Chemical deposition | –SO3H functional group was created via sulphonation and HA crystalline particles were chemically deposited | The proposed method did not use high temperature and improved the wettability [61]. |
|
|
A-TiO2 and R-TiO2 | Arc ion plating | In vitro SBF immersion and osteocompatibility study | Enhancement of apatite formation and improvement of osteocompatibility, in which R-TiO2 achieves the best result [63]. |
|
| TiO2 | Arc ion plating | In vitro osteoblast study | Improvement in cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation [21]. |
|
| TiO2/BMP-2 | Immobilization | In vivo study | Enhancement of bone-to-implant contact ratio in comparison with TiO2 and BMP-2 coating layer and bare PEEK [64]. |
|
| Ti | Plasma spray | In vivo study | Enhancement bone-to-implant contact ratio [65]. |
| Electron beam deposition | In vitro study in terms of proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells and in vivo study | Enhancement of in vitro bioactivity and bone-to-implant contact ratio [6]. |
| VPS | Probing the effect of pretreatment of the substrate with NaOH solution on bioactivity via in vitro SBF immersion study | Improvement bioactivity in terms of apatite formation [66]. |
| PVD and VPS | In vivo comparative study for probing the effect of PVD and VPS methods on the Ti deposited on CF/PEEK substrate | No significant difference between these two methods in terms of bioactivity [67]. |
| PVD | In vivo study of Ti-coated CF/PEEK for dental implant application | Coated samples showed better bone growth around the coated implant but the same push-out force for coated and uncoated samples by new bone growth [68]. |
| Electron beam deposition | Wettability, in vitro study via MC3T3-E1 cell and in vivo study | Enhancement of in vitro bioactivity and bone-in-contact ratio [6]. |
|
| Zirconium and titanium tetra | PVD | In vitro study via osteoblast | Enhancement of osteoblast cell growth [69]. |
|
| DLC | Plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition | In vitro study via osteoblast | Enhancement of attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblast [70]. |
|
