Research Article

Distributions and Community Composition of Birds in Iraq’s Central Marsh

Table 5

Field notes and breeding evidence of birds from Oct, 2013, to Jun, 2014, in the Iraqi Central Marsh.

SurveyImportant notes

Oct, 2013(i) Wide distribution of Pied Kingfisher, Cattle Egret (especially on the back of the water buffalos), Crested Lark, House Sparrow
(ii) Recording Greylag Goose as first arrival in this month to the CM
(iii) Recording Red-Backed Shrike (we just recorded this species in Oct and May)
(iv) Recording Water Rail just in this month

Nov, 2013(i) Wide distribution of Pied Kingfisher, Cattle Egret (especially on the back of the water buffalos), Crested Lark, House Sparrow
(ii) Recording Starling, Coot, Yellow Wagtail, Robin, Arminian Gull, Ferruginous Duck, Bluethroat as first arrival in this month to the CM
(iii) Large number of Dead Sea Sparrow, Winchat comparing with the observations of same species in the 9 surveys
(iv) Recording Little and Spotted Crake

Dec, 2013(i) Reduction of Cattle Egret observations
(ii) Dominance of Little Egret
(iii) Appearance/presence of Eagles and Vultures in the area of study (e.g., White-Tailed Eagle and Black Vulture)
(iv) First arrivals of huge number of water birds and ducks to the area of study (e.g., Teal, Northern Pintail, Mallard, Shoveler).
(v) Increasing of Common Kingfisher, White-Breasted Kingfisher, White Wagtail, Marsh Harrier, Kentish Plover, Starling, Slender Bill and Black-Headed Gulls, Coot, Chiffchaff
(vi) First arrival of White Stork and Pelican White
(vii) First observation of Spanish Sparrow, Marbled Teal, Common Kestrel, Glossy Ibis of the 9 surveys
(viii) Increasing of birds hunting

Jan, 2014(i) Dominance of Whiskered Tern and Little Egret
(ii) Wide distribution of Black-Winged Stilt
(iii) Increasing of White-Tailed Lapwing, Coot, Chiffchaff, Isabelline Shrike, Gulls
(iv) First observation of Great Crested Grebe, Sacred Ibis, Song Thrush
(v) Overhunting

Feb, 2014(i) Fishing is forbidden in this month. Therefore, locals overhunt birds in the CM
(ii) First observation of Grey Heron
(iii) Dominance of Slender Billed and Black-Headed Gulls
(iv) Decrease in numbers of Mallard and ducks
(v) First observation of Barn Swallow, Terek Sandpiper, Common Red Shank, Reed Bunting, Wood Sandpiper, Montagne’s Harrier, European Reed Warbler, Great White Egret, Short-Toed Snake Eagle

Mar, 2014(i) Dominant and wide distribution of Squacco Heron in all transects and zones
(ii) Decrease in the numbers of Little Egret
(iii) Decrease of hunting
(iv) Decrease in numbers of Starling, Water Pipit, Coot, ducks
(v) Disappearing of Kentish Plover, Common Ringed Plover, Cattle Egret, White Stork, Pelican White, White-Cheeked Bulbul, Bluthroat
(vi) Highest observations/numbers of Marsh Sand Piper, Yellow Wagtail, Common Tern, Glossy Ibis, Common Red Shank
(vii) First observation of Spur-Winged Lapwing, San Marten, Pin-Tailed Sandgrouse, Northern Wheatear, Hoopoe, Ruff

Apr, 2014(i) Start of nesting of Iraq Babbler and House Sparrow
(ii) Arrival of Warblers (Great Reed Warbler being higher in numbers than Basra Reed Warbler)
(iii) Disappearing of Marsh Harrier
(iv) Dominance of Little Bittern and Great Reed Warbler
(v) Marbled Duck can be seen easily compared to other months
(vi) Decrease in numbers of Squacco Heron, Common Kingfisher, White-Breasted Kingfisher, Starling, Glossy Ibis, Little Egret
(vii) Increasing numbers of Glassful Prinia, Purple Swamphen, Northern Wheatear, Ruff, Spur-Winged Lapwing, Purple Heron compared to other months
(viii) Night Heron can be seen easily
(ix) Observation of Blue-Cheeked Beater just in this month
(x) Disappearing of Great White Egret, Common Babbler, Coot, Teal, Marsh Sandpiper
(xi) First observation of Pygmy Cormorant, Willow Warbler, Collared Pratincole, European Bee-Eater, Garganey, Curlew Sandpiper
(xii) Recording Greater-Spotted Eagle
(xiii) Breeding evidences
(a) Nest with chicks of Red-Wattled Lapwing (GPS coordinates 0706280, 3436379)
(b) Empty nest of Purple Swamphen
(c) Nests of Graceful Prinia
(d) Empty nest of Warbler in transect 2
(e) Nest of House Sparrow
(f) Nest of Iraq Babbler

May, 2014(i) Increase in numbers of Graceful Prinia, Basra Reed Warbler, Pygmy Cormorant
(ii) Decrease in numbers of Gulls and Whiskered Tern
(iii) Arrival of Red-Backed Shrike
(iv) Recording Winchat, Golden Oriole, White-Winged Black Tern, European Reed Warbler
(v) First observation of Lesser Grey Shrike, European Nightjar, Turtle Dove
(vi) Disappearing of Grey Heron, Chiffchaff, Citrine Wagtail, Red Shank, Northern Wheatear, White Wagtail
(vii) Breeding evidences
(a) Empty 2 nests of Warbles in transect 1, zone 3 (coordinates: 0683694, 3441836)
(b) Two nests (with 2 chicks and one egg in each nest) of Basra Reed Warbler in Transect 2, zone 3 (coordinates: 0706003, 3441503 and 0705922, 3441499)
(c) Nest (with 2 eggs) of Collared Dove in transect 2, zone 1
(d) Chicks and huge numbers (2 colonies; each colony has more than 50 nest) of Whickered Tern nests in transect 2, zone 3 (each nest is floating on the water with 3 eggs) coordinates: 0705878, 344280 and 0706394, 3437954
(e) Nest of Little Bittern with 4 eggs in transect 2 (coordinates: 0702287, 3430598)
(f) Two nests of White-Tailed Lapwing (one nest with 4 eggs and the second with 2 eggs), coordinates: 0684287, 3434033
(g) Nest of Graceful Prinia in transect 3
(h) Nest and chicks of House Sparrow in transect 3

Jun, 2014(i) Increasing in numbers of Night Heron and Pygmy Cormorant (especially in transect 3), Little Grebe, Moorhen, Crested Lark
(ii) Assemblage of Little Egret in one huge group in transect 3
(iii) Disappearing of Marsh Harrier, Starling, Black-Headed Gull, Red-Backed Shrike, Yellow Wagtail, Arminian Gull, European Reed Warbler, Ruff, Lesser Grey Shrike
(iv) Breeding evidences
(a) Three nests of Basra Reed Warbler with 2 chicks and one egg in transect 1, zone 2 (coordinates: 0693162, 3436719 and 0684284, 3434030)
(b) Three nests of Basra Reed Warbler in transect 2, zone 3 (coordinates: 0705880, 3441550 and 0705874, 3441525)
(c) Nest with 4 eggs and chick of Little Bittern in transect 2, zone 1 (coordinates: 0693170, 3436726)
(d) Nest with 4 eggs of White-Tailed Lapwing in transect 2, zone 1
(e) Nest with 2 eggs of Collared Dove in transect 2, zone 1
(f) Chicks of Whiskered Tern in transect 2, zone 3
(g) Chick and eggs of Pied Kingfisher
(h) Observation, juveniles of Little Grebe subspecies Tachybaptus ruficollis iraquensis in transect 2, zone 3