|
Reference nos. | Types of antenna | Techniques to enhance bandwidth/isolation | Feeding method | Design parameters | Applications |
|
[58] | Meander line monopoles | Decoupling technique | Coaxial feed | (i) Resonant frequency: 2.6 GHz (ii) BW: 2.5–2.7 GHz (iii) Isolation >8 dB (iv) Dimension: 10 mm × 20 mm (v) Envelope correction coefficient (ECC): 0.025 | (i) USB dongles design (ii) Wireless communication |
|
[59] | Planar-monopole antennas | Protruding ground stubs | Microstrip-feed | (i) Resonant frequency: 3.1-10.6 GHz (ii) BW: ≥10 dB(wideband) (iii) Isolation >15 dB (iv) Dimension: 26 mm × 40 mm (v) Gain: 0.9–6.5 dBi (vi) ECC: 0.025 | (i) Portable UWB applications |
|
[60] | S-shaped monopole antenna | Neutralization line and decoupling | Microstrip-feed | (i) Resonant frequency: 1.62-2.92 GHz (ii) BW: 1.3 GHz (iii) Isolation: >40 dB (iv) Dimension: 100 mm × 60 mm (v) Gain: 5 dBi (vi) ECC: 0.009 | (i) Mobile terminals (ii) GSM1900, (iii) GSM1800, (iv) UMTS, (v) LTE2500, (vi) LTE2300 and 2.4 GHz, (vii) WLAN |
|
[61] | Rectangular and circular patch antenna | Radiator strip and ground plane | Coaxial-feed | (i) Resonance frequency: multiband between 1.5 and 2.7 GHz (ii) Isolation: >13 dB (iii) Gain: 6.622 dBi 6.01 dBi at 28 GHz (iv) 7.35 dBi, and 2.2 GHz, and 1.5 GHz (v) SAR: 1.5 G Hz value is 0.205 W/kg, 2.2 GHz it is 0.471 W/kg | (i) GSM, LTE, mm wave bands (ii) 5G mobile applications |
|
[62] | Circular monopole and quarter loop | Pattern diversity | Microstrip-feed | (i) Resonance frequency: 2–9.5 GHz (ii) BW: 7.5 GHz (iii) Isolation: >40 dB (iv) Total efficiency: 70% (v) Dimension: 110 mm × 60 mm (vi) Gain: 1.5 dBi (vii) ECC: 0.03 | (i) Mobile applications |
|
[63] | Counter facing F-shaped monopole antenna | Elliptical slot and parasitic strip | Microstrip-feed | (i) Resonance frequency: (5.7 – 6.2 GHz) and (3.2–3.8 GHz), (ii) BW: 5.2–5.4 GHz (iii) Isolation: >20 dB (iv) Dimension: 30 mm × 26 mm (v) Gain: 1.5 and 2.8 dBi (vi) ECC: 0.03 | (i) Wi-MAX (ii) WLAN (iii) Applications |
|
[64] | Circular disk monopole | Rectangular ground surface | Coplanar waveguide feed | (i) Resonance frequency: (3.01 –12.5 GHz) (ii) BW: 3.03–10.74 GHz (iii) Isolation: >20 dB (iv) Dimension: 81 mm × 87 mm × 1.6 mm (v) Gain: 5 to 9 dBi (vi) ECC: <0.1 | (i) Mobile communication |
|
[65] | Patch antenna | I-shape DGS and T-shape DGS | Coaxial-feed | (i) Resonance frequency: 5.25–5.3 GHz (ii) BW: 0.5 GHz (iii) Isolation: >25 dB (iv) Dimension: 60 mm × 50 mm × 1.46 mm (v) Gain: 7.88 dBi (vi) ECC: 0.03 | (i) WiMAX (ii) Wi-Fi (iii) 5G services |
|
[66] | T-shape antenna | T-shape slot | Coaxial probe feed | (i) Resonance frequency: 2.4 GHz (ii) BW: 2.3–2.6 GHz (iii) Isolation: >25 dB (iv) Dimension: 35 mm × 45 mm | (i) ISM band |
|
[67] | F-shape monopole antenna radiators | Folded U-shaped slot and mushroom type EBG structure | Microstrip-feed | (i) Resonance frequency: 7.3 GHz and 8.2 GHz (ii) BW: (5.2–6 GHz), (7.9–8.2 GHz) (dual band) (iii) Isolation: >25 dB (iv) Dimension: 20.8 mm × 20.8 mm × 19 mm (v) Gain: 7 dBi (vi) ECC: >0.5 | (i) UWB applications (ii) X-band uplink/downlink satellite communications |
|
[68] | Olympeak-shaped structure | Partial ground with bent corners and a square slot on the middle in ground | Microstrip-feed | (i) Resonance frequency: 4.4 GHz (ii) BW: 23–33 GHz and 37.75–41 GHz (iii) Isolation: >20 dB (iv) Dimension: 48 mm × 12 mm × 0.8 mm (v) Gain: 5.7 dBi | (i) 5G applications |
|
[69] | Fractal-based patch antenna | Sierpiński triangle fractal | Open-circuited feed line through a coplanar waveguide | (i) BW: 1.95 and 2.7 GHz and 4.2–4.3 GHz (ii) Isolation: >10 dB (iii) Dimension: 40 mm × 30 mm × 1.67 mm (iv) Gain: 5.5 dBi | (i) 5G applications |
|
[70] | Crescent-shape patch | DGS with circular slot | Inset-feed | (i) Resonance frequency: 28 GHz and 38 GHz (ii) BW: 3.05GHz and 2.41 GHz (iii) Isolation: >30 dB (iv) Dimension: 33 mm × 33 mm × 0.203 mm (v) Gain: 8.14 dB and 8.04 dB at 28 GHz and 38 GHz | (i) 5G millimeter-wave applications |
|