Synthesis of Sparse Uniformly Excited Concentric Ring Arrays Using the Chaos Sparrow Search Algorithm

Table 1

Performance comparison between the proposed CSSA and some state-of-the-art algorithms.

Aperture ()	Method	Nr	Nt	PSLL (dB)	Directivity coefficient (dB)	3 dB beamwidth
R = 4.98	GA [13]	6	201	−22.94	27.38	0.1012
	MGA [14]	10	201	−23.74	—	—
	HA [19]	8	201	−29.03	29.18	0.1126
	CSSA	8	192	−30.08	29.09	0.1129
R = 4.7	GA [13]	6	142	−27.82	28.89	0.1118
	HA [19]	7	142	−27.92	28.51	0.1126
	CSSA	7	161	−29.16	29.60	0.1137
R = 4.3	HA [19]	7	134	−29.07	28.18	0.1224
	CSSA	7	147	−30.20	28.81	0.1256