Optimal Pattern Synthesis of Linear Array and Broadband Design of Whip Antenna Using Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm

Table 6

Excitation magnitudes of 16-element linear array after optimization.

Algorithms	Max SLL (dB)	Optimized excitation magnitudes (normalized)
FA [13]	−24.27	1.000	0.907	0.880	0.753	0.596	0.500	0.366	0.397
CS [13]	−25.01	1.000	0.866	0.791	0.801	0.567	0.366	0.353	0.336
CABMO [28]	−25.87	1.000	0.808	0.641	0.62	0.661	0.484	0.366	0.301
IWO [13]	−26.39	1.000	0.976	0.931	0.793	0.660	0.644	0.400	0.409
GOA	−28.10	1.000	0.958	0.874	0.756	0.627	0.485	0.367	0.349