Optimal Pattern Synthesis of Linear Array and Broadband Design of Whip Antenna Using Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm

Table 4

The maximum SLL of linear array and the location of each element after optimization.

Algorithms	Max SLL (dB)	Optimized excitation magnitudes (normalized)
Conv.	−12.90	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000
PSO [12]	−24.62	1.0000	0.9010	0.7255	0.5120	0.4088
FPA [21]	−25.33	1.0000	0.8979	0.7178	0.5002	0.3833
ALO [22]	−26.08	1.0000	0.8959	0.6957	0.4935	0.2966
GOA	−27.36	1.0000	0.8892	0.6962	0.4684	0.3208