Research Article
Optimal Pattern Synthesis of Linear Array and Broadband Design of Whip Antenna Using Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm
Table 3
The maximum SLL of linear array and the location of each element after optimization.
| Algorithms | SLL (dB) | Null (dB) | Optimized element positions (units: ) |
| Conv. | −−13.5 | −19 | 0.25 | 0.75 | 1.25 | 1.75 | 2.25 | 2.75 | 3.25 | 3.75 | 4.25 | 4.75 | 5.25 | 5.75 | 6.25 | 6.75 | 7.25 | 7.75 | QPM [20] | −17.8 | −45 | 0.245 | 0.725 | 1.125 | 1.595 | 1.980 | 2.335 | 2.685 | 3.055 | 3.460 | 3.925 | 4.445 | 5.030 | 5.665 | 6.325 | 7.005 | 7.675 | CSO [14] | −18.2 | −80 | 0.288 | 0.683 | 1.193 | 1.520 | 1.977 | 2.325 | 2.689 | 3.136 | 3.485 | 3.954 | 4.382 | 4.925 | 5.482 | 6.209 | 7.041 | 7.750 | PSO [10] | −18.6 | −60 | 0.265 | 0.685 | 1.175 | 1.555 | 1.985 | 2.330 | 2.665 | 3.055 | 3.430 | 3.900 | 4.380 | 4.950 | 5.550 | 6.240 | 7.050 | 7.755 | MSMO [29] | −23.85 | −60 | 0.216 | 0.631 | 1.014 | 1.470 | 2.015 | 2.386 | 2.784 | 3.310 | 3.824 | 4.417 | 4.919 | 5.504 | 6.298 | 7.148 | 7.998 | 8.847 | EFA [30] | −23.90 | −60 | 0.239 | 0.557 | 1.092 | 1.483 | 1.953 | 2.386 | 2.817 | 3.257 | 3.869 | 4.422 | 4.888 | 5.499 | 6.299 | 7.145 | 7.995 | 8.845 | BFP [31] | −23.99 | −62 | 0.282 | 0.583 | 1.147 | 1.419 | 1.928 | 2.340 | 2.907 | 3.337 | 3.770 | 4.386 | 4.978 | 5.558 | 6.257 | 7.141 | 8.047 | 8.851 | GOA | −24.61 | −90 | 0.287 | 0.574 | 1.024 | 1.384 | 1.906 | 2.220 | 2.778 | 3.173 | 3.656 | 4.168 | 4.753 | 5.333 | 5.999 | 6.831 | 7.766 | 8.571 |
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