Optimal Pattern Synthesis of Linear Array and Broadband Design of Whip Antenna Using Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm

Table 1

The maximum SLL of linear array and the location of each element after optimization.

Algorithms	Max SLL (dB)		Optimized element positions (units: )
Conv.	−12.90	0.2500	0.7500	1.2500	1.7500	2.2500
PSO [10]	−17.41	0.2515	0.5550	1.0650	1.5000	2.1100
CSO [14]	−19.99	0.2081	0.6679	1.1347	1.7238	2.4036
SMO [15]	−20.25	0.236	0.528	1.007	1.471	2.126
GOA	−21.31	0.3360	0.4196	1.0126	1.4166	2.1000