Backtracking Search Optimization Algorithm for Synthesis of Concentric Circular Antenna Arrays

Table 1

MSL, FNBW, and DRR values obtained by BSA and other optimization techniques EP [1], PSO [1], PSOCFIWA [1], CPSO [2], RGA [2], CRPSO [2], HEP [2], BFO [3], and BGA [3] for CCAAs without central elements.

Figures	Algorithms	MSL (dB)	FNBW (degree)	DRR
Figure 3	BSA	−33.74	76.36	10.2775
	EP [1]	−31.90	78.50	18.8021
Figure 4	BSA	−29.49	71.79	13.6986
	PSO [1]	−27.18	72.24	Inf.
Figure 5	BSA	−30.60	76.45	3.5063
	PSOCFIWA [1]	−28.48	78.10	3.6062
Figure 6	BSA	−31.65	74.56	4.6577
	CPSO [2]	−28.96	76.30	4.8876
Figure 7	BSA	−31.00	77.00	3.4374
	RGA [2]	−28.06	77.10	3.4435
Figure 8	BSA	−32.15	76.00	4.1999
	CRPSO [2]	−29.88	76.40	4.4309
Figure 9	BSA	−33.71	76.26	8.2850
	HEP [2]	−32.86	77.00	11.6875
Figure 10	BSA	−32.51	75.30	4.8008
	BFO [3]	−29.96	75.80	4.8112
Figure 11	BSA	−30.02	72.64	5.1706
	BGA [3]	−26.14	73.60	5.3419