Factors Associated with Hormonal and Intrauterine Contraceptive Use among HIV-Infected Men and Women in Lilongwe, Malawi: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 3
Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios for hormonal or intrauterine contraceptive use at last intercourse among 289 HIV-infected women.
Variable ()
% using modern family planning
Unadjusted PR (95% CI)
Adjusted PR (95% CI)
value
Age (, continuous)
N/A
0.98 (0.96–1.01)
0.96 (0.94–0.98)
0.001
Education ()
0.301
Completed primary school or less
50 (35.5)
—
—
Completed some secondary school or more
65 (43.9)
1.24 (0.93–1.65)
1.16 (0.87–1.55)
Religion ()
0.385
Not Catholic (Protestant/Muslim/none)
89 (38.9)
—
—
Catholic
26 (43.3)
1.11 (0.80–1.55)
1.10 (0.81–1.48)
Number of children ()
0.385
0–2
61 (37.9)
—
—
3 or more
54 (42.2)
1.11 (0.84–1.48)
1.15 (0.84–1.55)
History of unplanned pregnancy ()
0.643
No
61 (41.8)
—
—
Yes
54 (37.8)
0.90 (0.68–1.20)
0.94 (0.71–1.24)
Wants pregnancy in next 2 years ()
<0.001
No
96 (47.5)
—
—
Yes
19 (21.8)
0.46 (0.30–0.70)
0.47 (0.31–0.72)
Length of time since HIV diagnosis ()
0.528
≤5 years
54 (40.0)
—
—
>5 years
60 (39.7)
0.99 (0.75–1.32)
0.91 (0.69–1.21)
On antiretroviral therapy ()
0.498
No
13 (39.4)
—
—
Yes
102 (39.8)
1.01 (0.64–1.59)
0.87 (0.58–1.30)
HIV status of most recent partner ()
0.595
Negative
22 (39.3)
—
—
Positive/do not know
93 (40.1)
1.02 (0.71–1.47)
0.92 (0.66–1.26)
Length of time with most recent partner ()
0.037
≤4 years
28 (30.4)
—
—
>4 years
85 (45.0)
1.48 (1.04–2.09)
1.46 (1.02–2.09)
Who makes decisions about family planning ()
0.001
Female only
89 (47.1)
1.81 (1.26–2.61)
1.91 (1.32–2.77)
Male only/both female and male
26 (26.0)
—
—
Unadjusted results from modified Poisson regression models. Adjusted results from modified Poisson regression model ( observations with nonmissing values on all independent variables), adjusting for all other variables in Table 3. value from Poisson regression model adjusting for all variables in Table 3. Statistically significant with .
