The Relationship between Cocaine Use and Human Papillomavirus Infections in HIV-Seropositive and HIV-Seronegative Women

Table 2

Association of crack and cocaine use with prevalence, incidence, and clearance of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical squamous intraepethelial lesions (SIL) (adjusted analysis^*).

Crack or cocaine use in the past six months	Any HPV	Oncogenic HPV	Nononcogenic HPV	SIL with oncogenic HPV
Prevalent HPV and SIL: OR (95% CI)
No	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Yes	1.22 (1.09–1.37)	1.30 (1.09–1.55)	1.18 (1.04–1.34)	1.70 (1.27–2.27)
Incident HPV and SIL: HR (95% CI)
No	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Yes	1.20 (1.02–1.42)	1.21 (0.97–1.52)	1.20 (1.00–1.44)	1.51 (0.99–2.30)
Clearance of HPV and SIL^**: HR (95% CI)
No	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Yes	1.02 (0.88–1.17)	0.96 (0.80–1.16)	1.05 (0.88–1.25)	0.57 (0.34–0.97)

^*Adjusted for CD4 count, number of sexual partners, smoking, age and race.^**As there were a limited number of SIL infections with oncogenic HPV for analysis of SIL clearance, results presented for risk of SIL clearance include all SIL observed with or without oncogenic HPV.