Vaccines Application Adjuvants Outcome Reference WHcAg intramuscular Viral elimination in 1 of 6 animals Roggendorf et al., 1995 [96 ] WHsAg and Th-peptide intramuscular Th-peptide Transient anti-WHs antibody responseTwo woodchucks died Hervás-Stubbs et al. , 1997 [120 ] WHsAg and Th-peptide intramuscular Th-peptide No induction of anti-WHs antibodiesDetectable T-cell responses to WHV proteins Hervás-Stubbs et al. , 2001 [108 ] WHsAg in combination with clevudine (L-FMAU) intramuscular alum Reduction of serum viral loads and viral replication in liverInduction of anti-WHs and detection of T-cell responses to WHV proteinsDelayed occurrence of HCC Menne et al., 2000, 2002 [74 , 109 , 110 ] WHsAg intramuscular monophosphoryl lipid A No reduction of serum viral load, Development of antibodies to the preS region of WHsAg Lu et al. , 2003 [121 ] Plasmid DNA expressing WHsAg, WHcAg, and woodchuck IFN-γ in combination with lamivudine intramuscular
Transient reduction of serum viral loads Lu et al., 2008 [112 ] WHsAg/anti-WHs immunogenic complex and DNA vaccines in combination with lamivudine intramuscular
Transient reduction of serum viral loadsTransient appearance of anti-WHs antibodies and WHcAg-specific T cell response Lu et al., 2008 [112 ] Plasmid DNA encoding WHsAg and WHcAg in combination with entecavir intramuscular
Transient reduction of serum viral loads Lu et al., [unpublished results] Plasmid DNA encoding WHsAg and WHcAg in combination with protein WHsAg/WHcAg vaccine in combination with entecavir intramuscular