Risk Factors for Single and Multiple Recurrences for Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Open Choledochotomy in Treating Choledocholithiasis

Table 5

Risk factors for multiple common bile duct stone recurrences (patients with ERCP).

	Multiple recurrences ()	No further recurrence ()	Univariate analysis	Multivariate analysis
				OR	95% CI
Sex
Male	20	35	0.691	—	—	—
Female	26	38
Age (years)
<65	25	46	0.373	—	—	—
≥65	21	27
Diabetes
No	41	65	0.847	—	—	—
Yes	5	8
Family history of biliary stones
No	34	56	0.970	—	—	—
Yes	12	17
Stone number
Single	12	21	0.853	—	—	—
Multiple	21	52
Maximum stone diameter (mm)
<15	14	34	0.138	—	—	—
≥15	32	39
Endoscopic retrograde choledocholithotomy
EST+EPLBD	10	36	0.003	4.865	1.814-13.050	0.002
EST or EPBD	36	37
Lithotripsy
No	40	62	0.580	—	—	—
Yes	6	11
Periampullary duodenal diverticulum
No	31	48	0.509	—	—	—
Yes	15	25
Cholecystectomy
No	35	51	0.784	—	—	—
Yes	11	22
Sedentary occupation
No	17	27	0.986	—	—	—
Yes	29	46
High-fat diet (postoperative)
No	30	69	<0.001	—	—	—
Yes	16	4
Frequency of weekly vegetable intake (postoperative)
≥4	34	68	0.008	12.819	3.495-47.081	<0.001
<4	12	5
Drinking (postoperative)
No	34	61	0.139	—	—	—
Yes	12	12
Smoking (postoperative)
No	38	70	0.015	—	—	—
Yes	8	3