The Efficacy of Surgical Resection versus Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Single Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A SEER-Based Study

Table 3

Predictors for overall survival and cancer-specific survival after PSM.

	Overall survival				Cancer-specific survival
	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis		Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
Characteristics	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P
Age of diagnosis
30–59 years	Reference				Reference		Reference
60–84 years	1.129 (0.941,1.354)	0.193			1.201 (0.977,1.476)	0.082	1.198 (0.971,1.477)	0.092
Gender
Male	Reference				Reference
Female	0.990 (0.807,1.215)	0.925			1.001 (0.796, 1.259)	0.993
Race
White	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Black	1.008 (0.777, 1.308)	0.952	1.005 (0.773, 1.306)	0.97	0.997 (0.742, 1.339)	0.982	0.984 (0.731, 1.324)	0.914
Others	0.506 (0.395, 0.648)	<0.001	0.491 (0.382, 0.630)	<0.001	0.541 (0.412, 0.710)	<0.001	00.519 (0.394, 0.683)	<0.001
Grade
I	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
II	1.171 (0.964, 1.423)	0.111	1.144 (0.941, 1.391)	0.178	1.185 (0.952, 1.476)	0.129	1.150 (0.922, 1.434)	0.214
III	1.407 (1.062, 1.863)	0.017	1.507 (1.137, 1.998)	0.004	1.491 (1.092, 2.035)	0.012	1.566 (1.146, 2.142)	0.005
IV	2.136 (0.681, 6.696)	0.193	3.235 (1.015, 10.316)	0.047	2.788 (0.887, 8.769)	0.079	3.644 (1.130, 11.750)	0.03
SEER stage
Localized	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Regional	1.329 (0.993, 1.780)	0.056	0.942 (0.687, 1.290)	0.707	1.380 (0.999, 1.906)	0.051	0.932 (0.657, 1.322)	0.692
Chemotherapy
No	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Yes	1.433 (1.149,1.786)	0.001	1.148 (0.908,1.451)	0.249	1.568 (1.233,1.994)	<0.001	1.242 (0.959,1.608)	0.1
Tumor size
<3 cm	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
3–5 cm	1.427 (1.187, 1.715)	<0.001	1.340 (1.112, 1.614)	0.002	1.450 (1.178, 1.785)	<0.001	1.329 (1.076, 1.641)	0.008
>5 cm	1.540 (1.149, 2.063)	0.004	1.636 (1.198, 2.236)	0.002	1.772 (1.294, 2.426)	<0.001	1.787 (1.273,2.509)	0.001
AJCC T
T1	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
T2	1.641 (1.354, 1.989)	<0.001	1.606 (1.298, 1.986)	<0.001	1.722 (1.390, 2.133)	<0.001	1.718 (1.355, 2.178)	<0.001
Treatment
Surgical resection	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Radiofrequency ablation	1.755 (1.470, 2.095)	<0.001	1.761 (1.474, 2.104)	<0.001	1.667 (1.368, 2.031)	<0.001	1.686 (1.382, 2.057)	<0.001