The Efficacy of Surgical Resection versus Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Single Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A SEER-Based Study

Table 2

Predictors for overall survival and cancer-specific survival prior to PSM.

	Overall survival				Cancer-specific survival
	Univariate analysis		Multivariate Analysis		Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
Characteristics	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P
Age of diagnosis
30–59 years	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
60–84 years	1.228 (1.075, 1.402)	0.002	1.186 (1.038, 1.357)	0.012	1.235 (1.065, 1.433)	0.005	1.189 (1.024, 1.381)	0.023
Gender
Male	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Female	0.816 (0.705, 0.943)	0.006	0.832 (0.719, 0.964)	0.014	0.815 (0.693, 0.958)	0.013	0.826 (0.702, 0.972)	0.022
Race
White	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Black	1.048 (0.877,1.251)	0.608	1.093 (0.914,1.306)	0.329	1.052 (0.862,1.283)	0.62	1.100 (0.901,1.342)	0.35
Others	0.576 (0.492, 0.674)	<0.001	0.601 (0.513, 0.704)	<0.001	0.611 (0.514, 0.725)	<0.001	0.633 (0.532, 0.754)	<0.001
Grade
I	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
II	1.098 (0.946, 1.275)	0.22	1.159 (0.996, 1.349)	0.057	1.122 (0.948, 1.328)	0.18	11.168 (0.985, 1.386)	0.075
III	1.371 (1.142, 1.647)	0.001	1.592 (1.318, 1.924)	<0.001	1.500 (1.225, 1.836)	<0.001	1.705 (1.383, 2.102)	<0.001
IV	1.329 (0.790, 2.237)	0.284	1.523 (0.897, 2.586)	0.12	1.478 (0.843, 2.590)	0.172	1.571 (0.888, 2.782)	0.121
SEER stage
Localized	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Regional	1.417 (1.164, 1.725)	0.001	1.109 (0.900, 1.366)	0.331	1.569 (1.272, 1.937)	<0.001	1.204 (0.963, 1.505)	0.103
Chemotherapy
No	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Yes	1.538 (1.315, 1.797)	<0.001	1.186 (1.007, 1.397)	0.041	1.667 (1.407, 1.975)	<0.001	1.273 (1.065, 1.521)	0.008
Tumor size
<3 cm	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
3–5 cm	1.194 (1.030, 1.383)	0.018	1.319 (1.134, 1.535)	<0.001	1.218 (1.031, 1.439)	0.02	1.335 (1.125, 1.583)	0.001
>5 cm	1.259 (1.074, 1.477)	0.005	1.616 (1.352, 1.931)	<0.001	1.401 (1.175, 1.671)	<0.001	1.783 (1.463, 2.171)	<0.001
AJCC T
T1	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
T2	1.527 (1.340, 1.740)	<0.001	1.436 (1.251, 1.648)	<0.001	1.657 (1.435, 1.912)	<0.001	1.528 (1.313, 1.777)	<0.001
Treatment
Surgical resection	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Radiofrequency ablation	1.628 (1.434, 1.847)	<0.001	1.828 (1.577, 2.120)	<0.001	1.557 (1.351, 1.794)	<0.001	1.799 (1.523, 2.125)	<0.001