Gastroenterology Research and Practice

Research Article

Risk Factors of Early Liver Metastasis for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma after Radical Resection

Table 3

Univariate analysis of risk factors for early liver metastasis.


Variable	Early liver metastasis ()	Nonliver metastasis ()	OR (95% CI)

Age (years, %)
≥60	41 (74.5)	67 (75.3)	0.962 (0.443-2.086)	0.921
<60	14 (25.5)	22 (24.7)	0.962 (0.443-2.086)	0.921
Sex (%)
Male	37 (67.3)	52 (58.4)	1.463 (0.724-2.956)	0.289
Female	18 (32.7)	37 (41.6)	1.463 (0.724-2.956)	0.289
BMI (kg/m², %)
≥24	15 (27.3)	30 (33.7)	0.738 (0.352-1.543)	0.419
<24	40 (72.7)	59 (66.3)	0.738 (0.352-1.543)	0.419
ALB (g/L, %)
≥40	23 (41.8)	42 (47.2)	0.804 (0.408-1.585)	0.529
<40	32 (58.2)	47 (52.8)	0.804 (0.408-1.585)	0.529
ALT (U/L, %)
≥40	25 (45.5)	35 (39.3)	1.286 (0.651-2.538)	0.469
<40	30 (54.5)	54 (60.7)	1.286 (0.651-2.538)	0.469
CA199 (IU/ml, %)
≥400	17 (30.9)	23 (25.8)	1.284 (0.611-2.699)	0.510
<400	38 (69.1)	66 (74.2)	1.284 (0.611-2.699)	0.510
CA125 (IU/ml, %)
≥30	17 (30.9)	14 (15.7)	2.397 (1.068-5.376)	0.034
<30	38 (69.1)	75 (84.3)	2.397 (1.068-5.376)	0.034
CEA (ug/L, %)
≥5	8 (14.5)	16 (18.0)	0.777 (0.308-1.957)	0.592
<5	47 (85.5)	73 (82.0)	0.777 (0.308-1.957)	0.592
Tumor size (cm, %)
>4	30 (54.5)	29 (32.6)	2.483 (1.243-4.957)	0.010
≤4	25 (45.5)	60 (67.4)	2.483 (1.243-4.957)	0.010
Tumor location (%)
Head/neck	39 (70.9)	50 (56.2)	1.901 (0.928-3.894)	0.079
Body/tail	16 (29.1)	39 (43.8)	1.901 (0.928-3.894)	0.079
Lymph node metastasis (%)
Yes	26 (47.3)	35 (39.3)	1.383 (0.701-2.728)	0.349
No	29 (52.7)	54 (60.7)	1.383 (0.701-2.728)	0.349
Lymph node ratio (%)
≥0.2	15 (27.3)	13 (14.6)	2.192 (0.951-5.056)	0.066
<0.2	40 (72.7)	76 (85.4)	2.192 (0.951-5.056)	0.066
Capsule invasion (%)
Present	19 (34.5)	27 (30.3)	1.212 (0.592-2.481)	0.599
Absent	36 (65.5)	62 (69.7)	1.212 (0.592-2.481)	0.599
Tumor differentiation (%)
Poor	35 (63.6)	34 (38.2)	2.831 (1.411-5.679)	0.003
Well-moderate	20 (36.4)	55 (61.8)	2.831 (1.411-5.679)	0.003
Microvascular invasion (%)
Present	33 (60.0)	40 (44.9)	1.837 (0.929-3.635)	0.080
Absent	22 (40.0)	49 (55.1)	1.837 (0.929-3.635)	0.080
Perineural invasion (%)
Present	47 (85.5)	74 (83.1)	1.191 (0.469-3.026)	0.714
Absent	8 (14.5)	15 (16.9)	1.191 (0.469-3.026)	0.714
Frozen resection margin (%)
Positive	4 (7.3)	10 (11.2)	0.620 (0.184-2.082)	0.439
Negative	51 (92.7)	79 (88.8)	0.620 (0.184-2.082)	0.439
PV/SMV reconstruction (%)
Yes	25 (45.5)	23 (25.8)	2.391 (1.173-4.874)	0.016
No	30 (54.5)	66 (74.2)	2.391 (1.173-4.874)	0.016
CA/CHA reconstruction (%)
Yes	2 (3.6)	1 (1.1)	3.321 (0.294-37.514)	0.332
No	53 (96.4)	88 (98.9)	3.321 (0.294-37.514)	0.332
Morbidity (%)
0-II	52 (94.5)	86 (96.6)	0.605 (0.118-3.108)	0.547
III-IV	3 (5.5)	3 (3.4)	0.605 (0.118-3.108)	0.547
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (%)
Yes	6 (10.9)	11 (12.4)	0.868 (0.302-2.498)	0.793
No	49 (89.1)	78 (87.6)	0.868 (0.302-2.498)	0.793
Adjuvant chemotherapy (%)
Yes	32 (58.2)	61 (68.5)	0.639 (0.318-1.284)	0.208
No	23 (41.8)	28 (31.5)	0.639 (0.318-1.284)	0.208
TNM stage (%)
I-IIA	29 (52.7)	54 (60.7)	0.723 (0.367-1.426)	0.349
IIB-IV	26 (47.3)	35 (39.3)	0.723 (0.367-1.426)	0.349

Data are presented as numbers (percentages). ALB: albumin; CA199: carbohydrate antigen 199; CA125: carbohydrate antigen 125; CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen. For abbreviations see Table 1.