Acute Pancreatitis and Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis in Children: A 10-Year Retrospective Study

Table 1

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of AP and ARP.

Variable	AP ()	ARP ()
Age (years)	11.5 (8.0, 15.0)	12.0 (9.0, 16.0)	0.05
Sex (male)	123 (55.9%)	17 (30.9%)	<0.001
Etiology, %
Biliary	78 (35.5%)	24 (43.6%)	0.26
Hypertriglyceridemia	6 (2.7%)	2 (3.6%)	0.66
Trauma	14 (6.4%)	4 (7.3%)	0.77
Viral infection	58 (26.4%)	1 (1.8%)	<0.001
Anatomical abnormality	6 (2.7%)	7 (12.7%)	0.006
Drug-induced	6 (2.7%)	3 (5.5%)	0.39
ERCP-induced	3 (1.4%)	0 (0)	0.38
Tumour	2 (0.9%)	0 (0)	0.48
Autoimmune	2 (0.9%)	1 (1.8%)	.49
Idiopathy	45 (20.1%)	13 (23.6)	0.58
Severe AP, %	23 (10.5%)	5 (9.1%)	0.77
Signs and symptoms at admission, %
Abdominal pain	207 (94.1%)	54 (98.2%)	0.32
Nausea	134 (60.9%)	26 (47.3%)	0.09
Vomiting	144 (65.5%)	22 (40.0%)	<0.001
Abdominal distention	32 (14.5%)	8 (14.5%)	0.99
Fever	16 (7.3%)	2 (3.6%)	0.54
Skin yellowness	3 (1.4%)	0 (0)	0.38
Diarrhea	2 (0.9%)	1 (1.8)	0.49
Laboratory test
White blood count	10.1 (6.5, 14.7)	8.9 (5.9, 13.4)	0.18
Percentage of neutrophils (%)	78.0 (60.1, 86.0)	74.0 (66.0, 86.0)	0.47
ALT	19.0 (11.0, 47.5)	18.5 (12.8, 40.5)	0.05
Complication, %
Fluid accumulation in abdomen	26 (11.8%)	6 (10.9%)	0.85
Acute necrotic collection (ANC)	7 (3.2%)	1 (1.8%)	0.59
Pancreatic pseudocyst (PPC)	14 (6.4%)	9 (16.4%)	0.03
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)	8 (3.6%)	0 (0)	0.36
Acute kidney injury (AKI)	6 (2.7%)	1 (1.8)	0.70
Outcomes
ICU admission	20 (9.1%)	3 (5.5%)	0.57
Hospital stay	10.0 (7.0, 14.0)	9.0 (6.0, 14.0)	0.80
Cost	10303.4 (5991.6, 22404.4)	9628.3 (6669.9, 27193.0)	0.67
Mortality	1 (0.5%)	1 (1.8%)	0.36

ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; AP: acute pancreatitis; alanine aminotransferase; ARP: acute recurrent pancreatitis; ANC: acute necrotic collection; PPC: pancreatic pseudocyst; ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome; AKI: acute kidney injury.