Routine Multiple Duodenal Biopsy during Endoscopy of Dyspeptic Patients Seems Unnecessary for Screening of Celiac Disease

Table 1

Comparison of the characteristics of participants with and without celiac disease.

Variable		Non-CD ()	CD ()
Demographics
Age (years)				0.43
Sex	Male	159 (30.0%)	4 (26.0%)	0.48
	Female	356 (67.0%)	11 (73.0%)
Medical history
Dyspeptic complaint	Bloating	113 (23.3%)	7 (46.7%)	0.09
	Epigastric pain	205 (42.3%)	6 (40.0%)
	Postprandial fullness	37 (7.6%)	2 (13.3%)
	Early satiety	34 (7.0%)	0 (0.0%)
	Reflux	96 (19.8%)	0 (0.0%)
Family history of CD		1 (0.2%)	2 (13.3%)	<0.01
Laboratory findings
Anti-TTG (U/ml)				<0.01
Abnormal anti-TTG level		21 (4.1%)	15 (100.0%)	<0.01
Hemoglobin (mg/dl)				<0.01
Ferritin (ng/ml)				<0.01
TIBC (μg/dl)				<0.01
Iron deficiency anemia		34 (6.6%)	6 (40.0%)	<0.01
Vitamin D (ng/ml)				0.69
Vitamin D deficiency		329 (63.9%)	11 (73.3%)	0.32
Endoscopic findings
H. pylori infection		2 (13.3%)	13 (86.7%)	0.57
Histopathological findings of the mucosal specimens	No atrophy	487 (98.4%)	0 (0.0%)	<0.01
	Marsh I	5 (1.0%)	3 (20.0%)
	Marsh II	3 (0.6%)	3 (20.0%)
	Marsh III	0 (0.0%)	9 (60.0%)
Duodenoscopy findings	Normal	362 (73.3%)	0 (0.0%)	<0.01
	Atrophy	18 (3.6%)	7 (46.7%)
	Scalloping	4 (0.8%)	1 (6.7%)
	Nodularity	6 (1.2%)	3 (20.0%)
	Fissuring	2 (0.4%)	3 (20.0%)
	Ulcer	43 (8.7%)	0 (0.0%)
	Erosion	59 (11.9%)	1 (6.7%)

CD: celiac disease; TTG: tissue transglutaminase; TIBC: total iron binding capacity; H: Helicobacter. Chi-square test. Independent samples -test.