Review Article
Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis: The Effects of Probiotics in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Table 3
Univariable predictors with meta-regression on the effect of probiotics.
| | Variable | No | Regression coefficient (95% CI) | SE | value |
| | BMI | | Population | Adults | 13 | 1 | — | — | | Children | 2 | -0.3 (-0.1 to -0.6) | 0.12 | 0.013 | | ALT | | Region | Asia | 13 | 1 | — | — | | Europe | 6 | -4.6 (-6 to -1.4) | 0.76 | 0.09 | | US or others | 1 | -5.5 (-9.4 to -0.7) | 2.15 | 0.31 | | AST | | Duration | 4-12 w | 11 | 1 | — | — | | 12-28 w | 6 | -3.5 (-9.6 to -0.8) | 0.9 | 0.54 | | FBS | | | | | | | Region | Asia | 8 | 1 | — | — | | Europe | 4 | 2 (0.2 to 5.2) | 0.63 | 0.62 | | US or other | 1 | -3.5 (-5.6 to 1.1) | 1.68 | 0.78 | | Insulin | | | | | | | Duration | 4-12 w | 5 | 1 | — | — | | 12-28 w | 5 | -0.07 (-1.92 to -0.01) | 0.21 | 0.11 | | HOMA-IR | | Lifestyle | Maintain original lifestyle | 4 | 1 | — | — | | Follow the guidelines | 7 | -0.03 (-0.04 to -0.01) | 0.005 | 0.23 | | TG | | Region | Asia | 8 | 1 | — | — | | Europe | 4 | -7.8 (-11.1 to 1.2) | 1.54 | 0.18 | | US or others | 1 | 1.1 (-2.1 to 5) | 1.78 | 0.65 | | TC | | Duration | 4-12 w | 8 | 1 | — | — | | 12-28 w | 4 | -5.8 (-7.9 to -0.1) | 0.98 | 0.52 | | Tnf-α | | Lifestyle | Maintain original lifestyle | 4 | 1 | — | — | | Follow the guidelines | 6 | -0.04 (-0.08 to -0.01) | 0.007 | 0.44 |
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SE: standard error, BMI: body mass index, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, AST: aspartate transaminase, FBS: fasting blood sugar, HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, TG: triglycerides, TC: total cholesterol, Tnf-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
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