| | Author, year | Region, period | Study design | | Mean age (y), male (%) | Intervention, | Control, | Diet/exercise by guide | Follow-up duration (w) |
| | Abdel, 2017 | Egypt, 2014-2016 | NA, SC, PC | 30 | 44, 56.67 | Lactobacillus acidophilus, | Placebo, | NA | 4 | | Shavakhi et al., 2013 | Iran, 2010-2012 | DB, SC, PC | 63 | , 50.80 | Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, | Placebo, | Yes | 24 | | Ahn et al., 2019 | Korea, NA | DB, SC, PC | 48 | , 48.2 | L. acidophilus CBT LA1, L. rhamnosus CBT LR5, L. paracasei CBT LPC5, P. pentosaceus CBT SL4, B. lactis CBT BL3, B. breve CBT BR3, | Placebo, | Yes | 12 | | Alisi et al., 2014 | Italy, 2012-2013 | DB, SC, PC | 44 | 10.5 (children), 54.55 | VSL#3, | Placebo, | Yes | 16 | | Aller et al., 2011 | Spain, NA | DB, SC, PC | 28 | , 71.43 | Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, | Placebo, | NA | 12 | | Asgharian et al., 2016 | Iran, 2014-2014 | DB, SC, PC | 74 | , 25.68 | Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Bifidobacteriumbreve, Bifidobacterium longum, Streptococcus thermophilus, | Placebo, | Yes | 8 | | Bakhshimoghaddam et al., 2018 | Iran, 2016-2017 | DB, SC, PC | 68 | , 50 | Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus, | Placebo, | Yes | 24 | | Behrouz et al., 2017 | Iran, 2015 | DB, SC, PC | 60 | , 71.7 | Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve, | Placebo, | Yes | 12 | | Cakir et al., 2017 | Turkey, NA | DB, SC, PC | 60 | (children), 66.7 | Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, | Placebo, | Yes | 16 | | Ekhlasi et al., 2016 | Iran, 2012-2013 | DB, SC, PC | 30 | 42.5, NA | Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium breve, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, | Placebo, | NA | 8 | | Eslamparast et al., 2014 | Iran, 2012-2012 | DB, MC, PC | 46 | , 48.08 | Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium breve, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, | Placebo, | Yes | 28 | | Famouri et al., 2017 | Iran, 2014-2014 | DB, SC, PC | 64 | (children), 50 | Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, B. bifidu m, L. rhamnosus, | Placebo, | Yes | 12 | | Ferolla et al., 2016 | Brazil, 2014-2015 | NA, SC, PC | 50 | 57.3, 24 | Synbiotic, L. reuteri, | Placebo, | Yes | 12 | | Guo et al., 2016 | China, 2011-2013 | NA, SC, PC | 84 | , 58.33 | Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis, | Placebo, | Yes | 8 | | Javadi et al., 2017 | Iran, 2013-2014 | DB, SC, PC | 39 | , 76.92 | Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, | Placebo, | NA | 12 | | Jiang et al., 2015 | China, 2014-2015 | NA, SC, PC | 62 | 42.58, 53.03 | Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis, | Placebo, | Yes | 12 | | Kobyliak et al., 2018 | Ukraine, NA | DB, SC, PC | 58 | , NA | Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Bifidobacterium, Propionibacterium, Acetobacter, | Placebo, | Yes | 8 | | Lu et al., 2016 | China, 2014-2015 | NA, SC, PC | 120 | , 68.30 | Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, | Placebo, | Yes | 4 | | Malaguarnera et al., 2012 | Italy, 2003-2006 | DB, SC, PC | 66 | , 48.48 | Bifidobacterium longum, | Placebo, | Yes | 24 | | Manzhalii et al., 2017 | Ukraine, NA | NA, SC, PC | 66 | , 56 | Lactobacillus casei, L. rhamnosus, L. bulgaris, Bifidobacterium longum, Streptococcus thermophilus, | Placebo, | Yes | 12 | | Miccheli et al., 2015 | Italy, NA | DB, SC, PC | 31 | 10.5 (children), 54.84 | VSL#3, | Placebo, | Yes | 16 | | Mofidi et al., 2017 | Iran, NA | DB, SC, PC | 42 | , 54.76 | Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium breve, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, | Placebo, | Yes | 28 | | Nabavi et al., 2015 | Iran, NA | DB, SC, PC | 72 | , 48.61 | Probiotic yogurts (Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, B. lactis Bb12, L. acidophilus La5) | Conventional yogurts, | NA | 8 | | Sepideh et al., 2016 | Iran, 2013-2013 | DB, SC, PC | 42 | , 66.67 | Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, Streptococcus thermophilus, | Placebo, | NA | 8 | | Vajro et al., 2011 | Italy, NA | DB, SC, PC | 20 | (children), 90 | Lactobacillus GG, | Placebo, | NA | 8 | | Wong et al., 2013 | China, 2009-2009 | DB, SC, PC | 20 | , 65 | Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, | Placebo, | Yes | 24 | | Yang et al., 2012 | China, 2010-2011 | NA, SC, PC | 60 | , 53.3 | Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus, | Placebo, | Yes | 4 | | Yao et al., 2013 | China, 2010-2012 | DB, SC, PC | 108 | , 58.30 | Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis, | Placebo, | Yes | 12 |
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