Kinetic Analysis of Guanidine Hydrochloride Inactivation of β-Galactosidase in the Presence of Galactose

Scheme 3

Whereby E is the free/active enzyme form, ES, the enzyme-substrate complex, D is denaturant such as urea or GdnHCl; F, an inactive urea denatured enzyme form; G, an intermediate enzyme form; S, substrate. I′, I′′, I′′′, and I′′′′ are increasing concentrations of ligand (e.g., galactose), 𝐄^𝑛𝐒 is enzyme-substrate complex whereby 𝑛 represents various conformational states of enzyme bound to substrate, 𝐄^𝑛𝐈 is enzyme-inhibitor complex whereby 𝑛 represents various conformational states of enzyme bound to inhibitor and P, product, 𝐄^𝑛𝐒𝐈 is enzyme-substrate-inhibitor complex whereby 𝑛 represents various conformational states of enzyme bound to substrate and inhibitor complex.