Effect of Phonological and Phonetic Interventions on Proficiency in English Pronunciation and Oral Reading

Table 28

Rubric for speaking assessment: Hypothesis 2: Wilcoxon-signed rank test.

Attributes		N	Mean rank	Sum of ranks
Pronunciation/diction (post–pre)	Negative ranks	0	0	0
	Positive ranks	31	16.00	496.00
	Ties	1
	Total	32
Fluency (post–pre)	Negative ranks	0	0	0
	Positive ranks	32	16.50	528.00
	Ties	0
	Total	32
Word choice (post–pre)	Negative ranks	1	2.50	2.50
	Positive ranks	28	15.45	432.50
	Ties	3
	Total	32
Usage (post–pre)	Negative ranks	3	9.00	27.00
	Positive ranks	28	16.75	469.00
	Ties	1
	Total	32
Ideas/meaning (post–pre)	Negative ranks	1	8.50	8.50
	Positive ranks	26	14.21	369.50
	Ties	5
	Total	32