Effect of Phonological and Phonetic Interventions on Proficiency in English Pronunciation and Oral Reading

Table 26

Pronunciation evaluation: Hypothesis 1: Wilcoxon-signed rank test.

Attributes		N	Mean rank	Sum of ranks
Make use of eye contact and facial expressions (post–pre)	Negative ranks	0	0	0
	Positive ranks	28	14.50	406.00
	Ties	4
	Total	32
Have a good opening? (post–pre)	Negative ranks	1	8.00	8.00
	Positive ranks	29	15.76	457.00
	Ties	2
	Total	32
Change the pitch and tone of voice (post–pre)	Negative ranks	0	0	0
	Positive ranks	25	13.00	325.00
	Ties	7
	Total	32
Use interesting and specific language (post–pre)	Negative ranks	1	6.50	6.50
	Positive ranks	30	16.32	489.50
	Ties	1
	Total	32
Use pauses or emphasis on keywords (post–pre)	Negative ranks	0	0	0
	Positive ranks	30	15.50	465.00
	Ties	2
	Total	32
Support ideas with details and examples (post–pre)	Negative ranks	0	0	0
	Positive ranks	28	14.50	406.00
	Ties	4
	Total	32
Use gestures or actions (post–pre)	Negative ranks	0	0	0
	Positive ranks	32	16.50	528.00
	Ties	0
	Total	32
Use visuals? (post–pre)	Negative ranks	0	0	0
	Positive ranks	29	15.00	435.00
	Ties	3
	Total	32
Speak clearly (post–pre)	Negative ranks	0	0	0
	Positive ranks	30	15.50	465.00
	Ties	2
	Total	32
Have a good closing? (post–pre)	Negative ranks	0	0	0
	Positive ranks	29	15.00	435.00
	Ties	3
	Total	32