Effect of Phonological and Phonetic Interventions on Proficiency in English Pronunciation and Oral Reading
Table 23
Pronunciation evaluation: mean and standard deviation.
Variables
N
Mean
Standard deviation
Pre: make use of eye contact and facial expressions
32
1.25
0.440
Pre: have a good opening
32
1.25
0.440
Pre: change the pitch and tone of voice
32
1.56
0.504
Pre: use interesting and specific language
32
1.22
0.420
Pre: use pauses or emphasis on keywords
32
1.16
0.369
Pre: support ideas with details and examples
32
1.34
0.483
Pre: use gestures or action
32
1.34
0.483
Pre: use visuals
32
1.22
0.420
Pre: speak clearly
32
1.16
0.369
Pre: have a good closing
32
1.25
0.440
Post: make use of eye contact and facial expressions
32
2.81
0.693
Post: have a good opening
32
2.66
0.653
Post: change the pitch and tone of voice
32
2.75
0.622
Post: use interesting and specific language
32
2.88
0.793
Post: use pauses or emphasis on keywords
32
3.28
0.888
Post: support ideas with details and examples
32
3.03
0.740
Post: use gestures or action
32
3.47
0.621
Post: use visuals
32
2.69
0.535
Post: speak clearly
32
2.78
0.608
Post: have a good closing
32
2.72
0.457
The variables related to oral presentation evaluation are measured on a 5-point scale (1 = Lowest, 3 = Mid, 5 = Highest). The mean and standard deviations of these variables are given here.
