Effect of Phonological and Phonetic Interventions on Proficiency in English Pronunciation and Oral Reading

Table 13

Item-total statistics of preoral reading presentation.

	Scale mean if item deleted	Scale variance if item deleted	Corrected item-total correlation	Squared multiple correlation	Cronbach’s α if item deleted
Pre: make use of eye contact and facial expressions	19.5938	16.830	0.546	0.562	0.910
Pre: have good opening	19.5000	17.097	0.552	0.547	0.908
Pre: change the pitch and tone of voice	19.7188	16.144	0.723	0.726	0.898
Pre: use interesting and specific language	19.8438	15.233	0.794	0.870	0.893
Pre: use pauses or emphasis on keywords	19.9688	15.064	0.806	0.866	0.892
Pre: support ideas with details and examples	19.4688	17.483	0.587	0.728	0.906
Pre: use gestures or action	19.5000	17.484	0.607	0.712	0.905
Pre: use visuals	19.3750	17.274	0.686	0.667	0.901
Pre: speak clearly	19.3750	16.565	0.766	0.873	0.896
Pre: have a good closing	19.4063	17.088	0.752	0.891	0.898