Induced Land Use Emissions due to First and Second Generation Biofuels and Uncertainty in Land Use Emission Factors
Table 3
Land use changes due to biofuel production (1000 hectares)1.
Land category
US
EU
Brazil
Others
Total
(a) 56.781 billion liters corn ethanol off of 2004
Land cover
Forest
−331
−80
42
144
−226
Pasture
−639
−46
−123
−1,043
−1,852
Cropland
971
126
82
899
2,078
Cropland-pasture2
−1,169
—
−238
—
−1,407
(b) 22.712 billion liters stover biogasoline
Land cover
Forest
8
2
0
47
56
Pasture
5
0
2
−32
−24
Cropland
−13
−2
−2
−15
−32
Cropland-pasture2
0
0
6
—
6
(c) 17.791 billion liters miscanthus biogasoline
Land cover
Forest
−153
−16
8
24
−137
Pasture
47
−9
−23
−197
−183
Cropland
106
25
15
173
319
Cropland-pasture2
−3,719
—
−43
—
−3,762
(d) 17.791 billion liters switchgrass biogasoline
Land cover
Forest
−550
−45
20
−16
−590
Pasture
327
−20
−60
−431
−185
Cropland
223
65
40
447
775
Cropland-pasture2
−6,915
—
−113
—
−7,028
(e) 34.069 billion liters stover ethanol
Land cover
Forest
19
3
0
52
74
Pasture
−6
1
3
−28
−30
Cropland
−13
−4
−3
−25
−44
Cropland-pasture2
−9
0
8
—
−2
(f) 26.498 billion liters miscanthus ethanol
Land cover
Forest
−221
−21
11
26
−205
Pasture
88
−11
−31
−249
−202
Cropland
134
32
20
222
408
Cropland-pasture2
−4,590
—
−56
—
−4,646
(g) 26.498 billion liters switchgrass ethanol
Land cover
Forest
−784
−61
28
−29
−845
Pasture
483
−28
−82
−581
−208
Cropland
301
89
54
610
1,054
Cropland-pasture2
−8,278
0
−154
—
−8,432
Cases (b) to (g) are in addition to case (a). Positive numbers represent expansion, and negative numbers indicate reduction in each category. Cropland-pasture is a subcategory under cropland. This row shows conversion of cropland-pasture to other crops.