Economics Research International

Research Article

Social Insurance and Truncated Benefits: Measuring the Impacts of Workers' Compensation

Table 3

Elasticity estimates by occupation and year for each specification.


	1940	1950	1960	1970	1980	1990

Cranemen
OLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit level	1.09*	0.29	−0.24*	0.10	0.27*	0.62*
OLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	−0.98*	−0.71*	−0.46*	−0.37*	−0.74*	−0.66*
2SLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	−0.78*	−0.33*	−0.32*	−0.12	−0.27*	−0.57*
2SLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit level	0.63*	0.26	−0.26*	0.00	−0.05	0.26
Modified Heckman for “middle-” wage workers based upon state-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	0.18	—	—	—	−4.54*	1.49
Modified Heckman for “high-” wage workers based upon state-specific temporary weekly benefit level	0.77	—	0.13	0.11	0.14	0.11
OLS with state-specific temporary weekly benefit index	0.23	0.23	0.19	−0.14	−0.15	−0.12

Deliverymen
OLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit level	—	0.41	0.11	0.23*	0.68*	0.69*
OLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	—	−0.81*	−0.58*	−0.64*	−0.97*	−1.00*
2SLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	—	−0.46*	−0.44*	−0.17*	−0.29*	−0.42*
2SLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit level	—	0.37	0.04	0.13*	0.19*	0.38*
Modified Heckman for “middle-” wage workers based upon state-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	—	—	—	1.20*	−1.25*	−1.59
Modified Heckman for “high-” wage workers based upon state-specific temporary weekly benefit level	—	0.07	0.53*	0.51*	0.49*	0.42*
OLS with state-specific temporary weekly benefit index	—	0.25	0.28	0.41*	0.02	0.33

Machinists
OLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit level	1.00*	0.52*	0.11*	0.01	0.66*	0.87*
OLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	−1.13*	−0.64*	−0.44*	−0.54*	−1.09*	−0.84*
2SLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	0.07	−0.31*	−0.08*	−0.13*	−0.07	−0.25*
2SLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit level	0.42*	0.23	0.05	−0.05	0.17*	0.30*
OLS with state-specific temporary weekly benefit index	0.24	0.06	0.24*	0.18*	0.05	−0.04
Modified Heckman for “middle-” wage workers based upon state-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	0.17	−0.53	−0.77*	4.78*	−0.53	−0.81*
Modified Heckman for “high-” wage workers based upon state-specific temporary weekly benefit level	0.58	0.14	0.28*	0.18*	0.44*	0.52*
OLS with state-specific temporary weekly benefit index	0.24	0.06	0.24*	0.18*	0.05	−0.04

Meat cutters
OLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit level	0.81*	0.23	0.04	0.06	0.64*	0.93*
OLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	−1.16*	−0.68*	−0.55*	−0.60*	−1.10*	−0.96*
2SLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	−0.02	−0.44*	−0.19*	−0.15*	−0.11	−0.25*
2SLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit level	0.25*	−0.02	−0.06	−0.06	0.13*	0.38*
Modified Heckman for “middle-” wage workers based upon state-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	−0.03	−0.15	0.68	1.20*	−1.00*	−0.10
Modified Heckman for “high-” wage workers based upon state-specific temporary weekly benefit level	0.47*	0.32	0.29*	0.31*	0.42*	0.50*
OLS with state-specific temporary weekly benefit index	0.13	0.24	0.08	0.21*	0.00	0.01

Millwrights
OLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit level	1.08*	−0.25	−0.02	0.21	0.14	−0.12
OLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	−1.04*	−0.66*	−0.49*	−0.28*	−0.49*	−0.87*
2SLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	−0.64*	−0.35	−0.23	0.03	−0.09	−0.26*
2SLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit level	0.96*	−0.25	−0.02	0.14	−0.03	−0.22
Modified Heckman for “middle-” wage workers based upon state-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	2.88	—	—	—	−6.36*	—
Modified Heckman for “high-” wage workers based upon state-specific temporary weekly benefit level	0.22	—	—	0.18	0.16*	−0.10
OLS with state-specific temporary weekly benefit index	1.09	−0.24	−0.20	0.14	−0.04	−0.46

Painters
OLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit level	0.97*	0.39*	0.25*	0.28*	0.79*	1.06*
OLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	−1.20*	−0.85*	−0.65*	−0.82*	−1.53*	−1.71*
2SLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	−0.47*	−0.30*	−0.25*	−0.14*	−0.38*	−0.38*
2SLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit level	0.28*	0.13	0.00	0.08	0.25*	0.36*
Modified Heckman for “middle-” wage workers based upon state-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	−0.53*	−0.98*	1.47*	−0.19	−0.41	−0.97*
Modified Heckman for “high-” wage workers based upon state-specific temporary weekly benefit level	0.61*	0.25	0.25*	0.49*	0.51*	0.72*
OLS with state-specific temporary weekly benefit index	−0.32*	0.23	0.06	0.16	−0.24*	0.02

Rollers (metal workers)
OLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit level	1.55*	−0.33	0.32	0.04	0.33*	0.31
OLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	−1.18*	−0.87*	−0.52*	−0.36*	−0.56*	−1.39*
2SLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	−1.14*	−0.82*	−0.32*	−0.26*	−0.32*	−0.23
2SLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit level	0.99*	−0.81	0.25	−0.03	0.11	0.14
Modified Heckman for “middle-” wage workers based upon state-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Modified Heckman for “high-” wage workers based upon state-specific temporary weekly benefit level	0.72	−0.35	0.48	0.29	0.12	0.24
OLS with state-specific temporary weekly benefit index	0.24	−1.00	0.11	−0.20	−0.14	0.35

Roofers
OLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit level	1.25*	0.61	0.19	0.21*	0.95*	1.08*
OLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	−1.42*	−0.85*	−0.73*	−0.97*	−1.47*	−0.55*
2SLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	−1.37*	−0.82*	−0.59*	−0.40*	−0.84*	−0.79*
2SLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit level	1.13*	0.44	0.06	0.06	0.52*	0.68*
Modified Heckman for “middle-” wage workers based upon state-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	−0.87	—	0.20	0.43	0.16	−0.39
Modified Heckman for “high-” wage workers based upon state-specific temporary weekly benefit level	0.67	1.39	0.08	0.24	0.66*	0.93*
OLS with state-specific temporary weekly benefit index	0.05	0.30	−0.08	0.05	−0.05	0.00

Sawyers
OLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit level	0.78*	0.34	0.25*	0.13	0.89*	1.11*
OLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	−1.34*	−0.63*	−0.77*	−0.84*	−1.14*	−1.37*
2SLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	0.06	−0.80*	−0.29*	−0.53*	−0.46*	−0.68*
2SLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit level	0.57*	0.18	0.09	0.03	0.56*	0.84*
Modified Heckman for “middle-” wage workers based upon state-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	−0.06	−0.31	0.09	−0.01	0.44	0.23
Modified Heckman for “high-” wage workers based upon state-specific temporary weekly benefit level	1.47*	1.21	0.44	0.09	0.58*	1.11*
OLS with state-specific temporary weekly benefit index	0.19	−0.20	0.06	−0.47	0.15	−0.05

Welders
OLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit level	1.18*	0.03	0.06	0.03	0.67*	0.86*
OLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	−0.86*	−0.59*	−0.49*	−0.54*	−1.00*	−1.33*
2SLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	−0.72*	−0.53*	−0.17*	−0.18*	−0.05	−0.32*
2SLS with individual-specific temporary weekly benefit level	0.70*	0.03	0.02	−0.06	0.35*	0.43*
Modified Heckman for “middle-” wage workers based upon state-specific temporary weekly benefit ratio (i.e., benefit/weekly wage)	0.27	—	—	5.49*	−0.07	−0.73*
Modified Heckman for “high-” wage workers based temporary weekly benefit level upon state-specific	0.71*	0.23	0.35*	0.34*	0.52*	0.58*
OLS with state-specific temporary weekly benefit index	0.15	0.07	0.33*	0.28*	0.21	0.09

^♦Missing estimates indicate too few observations to estimate with reasonable precision. ^∗denotes that the elasticity is derived from a coefficient that is statistically different from zero at the 10 percent level.