Author Data base Subject of the study Variable Poverty line Results/poverty Plan CCB [1 ]. Secondary data bases. To know the extent of poverty in Spain. They consider absolute poverty. People with less than 2,100 kal. Per day. Absolute poverty line: combination of different variables. Families in poverty: 3 million. FOESSA [7 ] Family Survey 1963. To know the extent of poverty in Spanish households. Income per household. Less than 2,500 ptas./month per family. 1,630,00 households. INE [8 ]. Survey on Family Budgets (From now on EPF) 1980/81 First estimation of poverty coming from the EPF. Income per household. n.d. 21.8% households. EDIS [9 ]. National Survey 1983. Analysis of poverty and social alienation in Spain. Income per head. 50% of monthly income (mean). 18% urban zones. Ministerio de Trabajo [10 ] National Survey 1983-84. Verify the extent of Spanish poverty. It includes criteria of subjective and objective poverty. Income per head. 50% of monthly income (mean). 16.7 households. Ruiz-Castillo [11 ]. EPF1980/81 It applies different sensibility indicators to the microdata. Expenditure per head. 50% of expenditure per head. 14.4% households. Bosch et al. [12 ]. EPF 1973/74 and 1980/81 Evolution of Spanish poverty in the seventies applying Ruiz-Castillo methodology. Expenditure per head. 50% of expenditure per head.
% people.
% people. Ohiggins and Jenkins [13 ]. EPF 1973/74 and 1980/81. International comparisons of poverty evolution. Income per head. 50% of income per head. 1973
%;
%.
%;
%.
%;
%. ECB-Equipo de Economía Cuantitativa del Bienestar de la Universidad de Málaga14 ]. Survey on Family Budgets 1980/81 (EPF). Geographical distribution of poverty. Income per household. 50% of income per household. Province analysis: Escribano [15 ]. EPF 1973/74 and 1980/81. ECPF 1985, 86, 87 and 88. Evolution of poverty and inequality. Expenditure per head. 50% expenditure per head. 16.0% people. EUROSTAT [16 ]. ECPF1987 International poverty comparison and sensibility analysis. Expenditure per equivalent adult. 50% mean of expenditure per equivalent adult. 16.9% people. INE [17 ]. EPF 1990/91 Study of less fortunate households. Mean of equivalent expenditure. 50% mean of equivalent expenditure: 18.9% people. Ayala et al. [18 ]. EPF 1980/81 and 19990/91. International poverty comparisons with homogeneous data Expenditure per equivalent adult Income per equivalent adult 1980 (a) Expenditure: 1980: households = 19.7%; people = 19.6%. García Linaza and19 ]. EPF 1980/81 and 1990/91. Geographical distribution of poverty. Household income (national mean). 50% national mean of household income: 555,092 ptas/year. Province analysis: FOESSA [20 ] National Survey 1993. Extent and composition of poverty distinguishing different levels. Income per equivalent adult. 50% Income per equivalent adult: (a) People: Ruiz-Huerta and Martínez [21 ] EPF 1980/81 and 1990/91. Exhaustive analysis of Spanish poverty patterns. Relationships between poverty and house equipment. Expenditure per equivalent adult Income per equivalent adult. 50% equivalent expenditure. (a) Expenditure (people): 1980: (U: 25%) = 3.5%; (U: 50%) = 19.6%. Martín Guzmán [22 ]. EPF 1973/74, 1980/81 and 1990/91 Poverty evolution from 1973 to 1990. Expenditure per head. 25 and 50% of expenditure per head. Expenditure: FOESSA [23 ] Survey. Study about the extent and composition of Spanish poverty distinguishing different levels. Expenditure per equivalent adult. 50% net disposable income. 19.4% households. Poza Lara (mimeo) [24 ] Households European Panel (From now on PHOGUE) (1996–2001) Levels and evolution of relative poverty. Differentiation by socioeconomics characteristics. Net equivalent income. 50% median. Poverty rate (2001) = 17%. Pérez Mayo et al. [25 ] PHOGUE Privation indicator and analysis of heterogeneous population. Different variables: lack of goods and services related to household necessities and economic capabilities. Poverty line elaborated by a model of latent classes: three population groups. 17.5%. Martínez and Ruiz Huerta 26 ] PHOGUE Comparison between monetary and nonmonetary poverty. Multidimensional privation indicator. Different variables: presence or lack of goods and services related to the household and economic capabilities. Generated by data. Nontraditional weights. Correlation between monetary poverty and multidimensional privation indicator but not significant. Population has a no homogeneous behavior. Oliver et al. [27 ] ECPF Income distribution from 1985 to1996. Real net equivalent income. Deciles of distribution. Improvement of the concentration of income in favor of the poorest. Decrease of inequality especially from 1985 to 1989. Adiego Estrella and Moneo Ocaña [28 ] PHOGUE Evolution of poverty and persistent poverty differentiating by population segments. Income per unity of equivalent consumption. 60% income median. Multidimensional privation of living conditions. 1994 = 19.6%. Ayala and Navarro [29 ] PHOGUE Evaluate household welfare from housing point of view. Variables related with household equipment and living conditions. Nonarbitrary differentiation by groups: Latent classes’ model. Probability of lack of basic equipment = 16%. Ayala and Navarro [29 ] PHOGUE Definition of a multidimensional privation index based on household elements. They obtain transversal poverty levels depending on socioeconomic characteristics. Household elements and conditions. Nonarbitrary differentiation by groups: Latent classes’ model. Probability of suffering privation basic problems = 16%. Ayala et al. [30 ] PHOGUE Relationship between monetary poverty and privation focused in Spanish Autonomous Communities (CC.AA). Presence or lack of some goods and services. Nonarbitrary differentiation by groups: Latent classes’ model. Global privation = 16.8%. Ayala et al. [31 ] PHOGUE Relationship between monetary poverty and social privation. Basic necessities, house conditions and secondary necessities. Nonarbitrary differentiation by groups: Latent classes’ model. Global privation = 7,7%. Jurado and Pérez Mayo [32 ] ECPF e INEM Proxy to a multidimensional welfare index by r CC.AA. Adjusted consumption, real wealth, equity and economic security by inhabitant. Uniform group differentiation (arbitrary) by factorial analysis. The most favored CC.AA: Navarra, Vasque Country, Catalonia and Madrid. Poza Lara [33 ] Technique of data reduction To create a multidimensional model to explain poverty. To elaborate an indirect index of personal poverty (factorial analysis). It includes seven variables: three objective and four subjective variables. Limits, ranks, and scales to inform individual situation. Poverty is a multidimensional concept. Calvo et al. [6 ] Statistics on Income and Living Conditions 2005 (ECV) To compare the situation of Spanish poverty in 1996 and 2004. To analyze the changes in poverty patterns. Income per unit of equivalent consumption. 50% of income per unit of equivalent consumption. 2, 912,031 households (19.2%). Calvo et al. [34 ] Statistics on Income and Living Conditions 2005 (ECV) To obtain a multidimensional index to analyze the behavior of Spanish Autonomous Communities. Income per unit of equivalent consumption. 60% of median of income per unit of equivalent consumption (6,292.80
). 20.3% (3 millions) households are under poverty line. Sánchez [4 ] Statistics on Income and Living Conditions 2007 To study household and individual characteristics of Spanish poor Income per unit of equivalent consumption/personal income with and without Imputed Rent. 60% of median. Households: 7.140€ /year without IMRENT and 8,834 with it.€ /year without and 8,103 with it. Households: 20% (3,189,662) without IMRENT and 14% (2,223,001) with it. Calvo and Sánchez [2 ] Statistics on Income and Living Conditions 2007 (ECV) To compare the characteristics of Spanish poor with and without Imputed Rent (IMRENT) Income per unit of equivalent consumption 60% of median of income per unit of equivalent consumption: 7,140
/year without IMRENT€ /year with IMRENT 20% (3,189,622) without IMRENT
