In the 1960s, Bonghan Kim made a startling discovery in medicine by using various approaches to demonstrate the anatomical reality of acupuncture meridian system. In the 1970s, in Japan, Dr. Satoru Fujiwara was partially able to verify Bonghan Kim's work. Unfortunately, for many years, their works have been neglected as nonscientific claims. Since 2002, a team led by Professor Kwang-Sup Soh at Seoul National University has seriously been attempting to rediscover “the primo vascular system (formerly Bonghan system)” as a putative acupuncture meridian system. By publishing scientific data collected in various animal models, the Korean team has shown that Bonghan Kim actually did open a new field in medicine. These days we are faced with a very important task to globalize Bonghan Kim's original works based on Kwang-Sup Soh’s rediscovery of the Bonghan system. Currently, much evidence has emerged to imply that another fundamental system may exist in a living organism as a putative acupuncture meridian. At this important moment, we would like to invite researchers to contribute original work as well as review articles addressing their research on the primo vascular system. Our intention in this special issue is to contribute not only to complementary and alternative medicine via experimental research on the primo vascular system, but also to general viewpoints (history and philosophy) on the primo vascular system. Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

• Morphological and functional base of the primo vascular system
• Physiological and biophysical base of the primo vascular system
• Physiological and biophysical base of conducting pathways along the primo vascular system
• History and philosophy of the primo vascular system
• Various interpretations of the primo vascular system in terms of modern biology and medicine
• Viewpoints on the future of the primo vascular system for comprehensive and alternative medicine

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