Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by widespread pain sensitivity, fatigue, and cognitive symptoms. It affects 3-5% of the general population, mainly females. Clinical practice guidelines (EULAR) consider physical exercise and cognitive-behavioral therapy as the best non-pharmacological interventions. However, to date, no definitive therapeutic options are available, and the most successful rehabilitation program involves a multidisciplinary team of professionals with expertise in the treatment of chronic pain and includes various modalities (rehabilitation, adapted exercise, education, cognitive behavioral therapy, integrative and alternative complementary therapy, nutrition) individualized for each patient. Rehabilitative physicians should be able to tailor the treatment to the most prevalent FM manifestations such as pain, sleep disturbances, mood disorders, or somatic symptoms.

Some hypotheses link the chronicity of pain in the FM patient to increased activity in the pain matrix related to central sensitization. Others suggest a model of central neuroinflammation where mast cells come into play in contrast to past hypotheses, where the maintenance of pain was recognized as a predominantly muscular and metabolic cause. Again, a potential benefit of specific dietary interventions as non-pharmacological tools is part of multidisciplinary treatment for FM patients. The biopsychosocial model displays the research evidence across the biological, mental, and social impacts of FM, justifying that life stress can be an illness maintaining factor in FM.

This Special Issue aims to collate original research and review articles with a focus on virtuous and novel integrative rehabilitation paths that are desirable in FM patients, starting from global (physical and mental) care, and proposing solutions to favor a rehabilitation alliance, even in telerehabilitation or in nonmedical environments (such as parks or outdoor environments with natural stimuli). These paths can be discussed together with, or instead of, traditional settings to guarantee the patient a reduction in pain and disability and a satisfactory Quality of Life.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Desirable rehabilitation paths for FM patients
• Proprioception in FM patients
• Body-mind approach for rehabilitation of FM patients
• Awareness and physiology of complementary and alternative medicine therapies for FM patients
• Disability evaluation of FM patients
• Exercise for FM patients
• Chronic pain in FM patients
• Overlap syndrome rheumatology
• Fatigue in FM patients
• Depression in FM patients
• Quality of Life for FM patients