Green Tea Leaves and Rosemary Extracts Selectively Induce Cell Death in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells and Cancer Stem Cells and Enhance the Efficacy of Common Chemotherapeutics

Figure 2

Rosemary extract induces apoptosis in breast cancer in a dose-dependent manner. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with various concentrations of RE at (a) 24 hours and (b) 48 hours. The graphed results were obtained by using image-based cytometry to assess the percentage of cells positive with fluorescence associated with Annexin V (green), PI (red), and both (yellow) or negative for both Annexin V and PI (blue). Values are expressed as a mean ± SD from three independent experiments. RE treatment groups are compared with a negative control of DMSO. Brightfield images were taken at 200x or 400x magnification using ToupLite software with the OMAX A35100U microscope. Images are representative of three independent experiments. Statistical calculations were performed by using a two-way ANOVA multiple comparison test. vs control, vs control, ^∗∗∗ p < 0.001 vs the control, and vs control. (c) Fluorescent microscopy of RE apoptosis induction in MDA-MB-231 cells at 48 hours. Fluorescent images were stained with Annexin V (green), PI (red), and Hoechst (blue) at 200x magnification. Scale bar is 100 microns. Images are representative of three independent experiments.

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