Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Antidiabetic Herbal Preparations: A Safety Screening

Table 6

Mn, Fe, Hg, Cu, and Ni concentrations of the investigated antidiabetic herbal preparations.

Drug code	Metal concentration (ppm)
	Mn	Fe	Hg	Cu	Ni
S 1	12.2 ± 1.9	27.1 ± 1.4	BDL	BDL	BDL
S 2	5.06 ± 1.9	37 ± 1.3	BDL	BDL	BDL
S 3	3.82 ± 1.9	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL
S 4	0.75 ± 1.9	33.8 ± 1.3	BDL	BDL	BDL
S 5	411 ± 9	47991 ± 291	39.08 ± 1.6	75.8 ± 3.1	22.7 ± 2
S 6	186 ± 3	39786 ± 476	835 ± 10	28.5 ± 2.3	5.64 ± 1.5
S 7	86.8 ± 1.5	26635 ± 398	686 ± 10	20.7 ± 2.5	2.85 ± 1.6
S 8	562 ± 11	59374 ± 722	660 ± 10	5716 ± 173	174 ± 2
S 9	56.5 ± 2	47960 ± 678	470 ± 10	8.57 ± 3.4	BDL
S 10	398 ± 9	50688 ± 593	829 ± 10	106 ± 3	19.4 ± 1.8
S 11	344 ± 9	56302 ± 649	871 ± 10	94.2 ± 3.1	13.7 ± 2
S 12	31.6 ± 1.9	11530 ± 13	448 ± 10	9.25 ± 3.3	BDL
S 13	61.5 ± 1.3	255 ± 3	19.8 ± 0.6	2.38 ± 0.8	1.46 ± 0.7
S 14	29.5 ± 1.3	776 ± 13	2.2 ± 0	BDL	BDL
S 15	21.8 ± 1.3	192 ± 3	37.6 ± 1.3	BDL	1.8 ± 0.7
S 16	28.3 ± 1.2	89.6 ± 1.2	62.4 ± 1.3	BDL	BDL
S 17	82.6 ± 1.3	4440 ± 30	37.5 ± 1.3	BDL	3.19 ± 0.7
S 18	115 ± 1	4738 ± 32	39.5 ± 1.4	BDL	3.41 ± 0.7
S 19	86.3 ± 1.3	1089 ± 13	35.9 ± 1.3	BDL	5.3 ± 0.7
S 20	62.5 ± 1.6	407 ± 5	4.55 ± 0	2.82 ± 2.9	4.22 ± 1.8
S 21	16.1 ± 1.6	94.8 ± 1.6	0.27 ± 0	BDL	BDL
S 22	107 ± 2	333 ± 3	79.6 ± 1.7	BDL	3.66 ± 0.9
S 23	102 ± 2	424 ± 5	BDL	7.92 ± 3.3	2.71 ± 2.1
S 24	BDL	20.9 ± 1.5	BDL	BDL	BDL
MRL	0.26	N/A	0.01	0.10	0.60

BDL = below detection limit, MRL = maximum residual limit, and N/A = not available.