Aqueous and Methanol Extracts of <i>Paullinia pinnata</i> (Sapindaceae) Improve Monosodium Urate-Induced Gouty Arthritis in Rat: Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Effects

<div>Effects of the aqueous (AEPP) and methanolic (MEPP) extracts of <i>Paullinia pinnata</i> on the nitrite oxide level in the spinal cord (a, b), the right hemisphere (c, d), and the left hemisphere (e, f). Plant extract treatment in all the organs used significantly reversed the overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) induced by the intra-ankle injection of MSU. 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27V0H384Z"></path></g></svg> significant difference compared to the negative control group (MSU + DMSO) using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s posttest. <svg height="15.1852pt" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-3.429399pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.7558 64.4408 15.1852" width="64.4408pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,0,-5.741)"><path d="M376 295V333H202C192 387 182 443 182 488C182 552 205 584 254 584C295 584 323 563 347 542C357 534 366 534 375 540C382 546 391 556 394 563C399 574 398 583 390 594C379 609 339 635 293 635C265 635 219 615 189 590C127 540 106 480 106 415C106 386 109 358 111 333H28V295H116C117 281 119 262 119 236C119 196 111 138 77 101C59 81 39 59 30 43C12 14 29 -5 42 -5C48 -5 51 -1 54 7C67 42 83 50 95 50C108 50 123 44 153 26C199 0 248 -28 288 -28C323 -28 352 -14 379 3C417 28 456 74 456 119C456 138 447 160 433 160C420 160 407 149 397 134C392 126 391 119 394 112C398 104 401 92 401 80C401 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Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

fig4

Figure 4

Figure 4: Aqueous and Methanol Extracts of <i>Paullinia pinnata</i> (Sapindaceae) Improve Monosodium Urate-Induced Gouty Arthritis in Rat: Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Effects 

Figure 4 | Aqueous and Methanol Extracts of Paullinia pinnata (Sapindaceae) Improve Monosodium Urate-Induced Gouty Arthritis in Rat: Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Effects 