Aqueous and Methanol Extracts of Paullinia pinnata (Sapindaceae) Improve Monosodium Urate-Induced Gouty Arthritis in Rat: Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Effects

Figure 2

Effects of the aqueous (AEPP; 100, 200 mg/kg/day) and methanol (MEPP; 100, 200 mg/kg/day) extracts of Paullinia pinnata on the primary (ankle) and secondary (paw) mechanical hypersensitivity induced by ankle injection of MSU in rat. (a) AEPP induces significant decreases in mechanical hypersensitivity (i.e., decreased change in threshold from baseline) compared to rats treated with MSU and vehicle (3%DMSO). (b) MEPP induces significant decreases in mechanical hypersensitivity compared to rats treated with MSU and vehicle. (c) AEPP induces significant decreases in mechanical hypersensitivity compared to rats treated with MSU and vehicle. (d) MEPP induces significant decreases in mechanical hypersensitivity compared to rats treated with MSU and vehicle. Allopurinol (5 mg/kg/day) is included as a positive control for the antihyperalgesic effect. Each point represents the mean ± SEM of 6 individual rats. , ; significant difference compared to the negative control group (MSU + DMSO) using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni posttest. The black arrow indicates the beginning of treatments.

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