Aqueous and Methanol Extracts of Paullinia pinnata (Sapindaceae) Improve Monosodium Urate-Induced Gouty Arthritis in Rat: Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Effects

Figure 1

Effects of the (a, c) aqueous (AEPP 100, 200 mg/kg/day) and (b, d) methanolic (MEPP 100, 200 mg/kg/day) extracts of Paullinia pinnata on the primary (ankle (a, b)) and secondary (paw (c, d)) inflammatory gout induced by MSU ankle injection in rat. (a) AEPP induces significant decreases in ankle swelling compared to rats treated with MSU and vehicle (3%DMSO). (b) MEPP induces significant decreases in ankle swelling compared to rats treated with MSU and vehicle. (c) AEPP induces significant decreases in paw swelling compared to rats treated with MSU and vehicle. (d) MEPP induces significant decreases in paw swelling compared to rats treated with MSU and vehicle. Allopurinol (5 mg/kg/day) is included as a positive control for anti-inflammatory effects. Each point represents the mean ± SEM of 6 individual rats. , ; significant difference compared to the negative control group (MSU + DMSO) using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni posttest. The black arrow indicates the beginning of treatments.

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