Neuroprotective Effect and Molecular Mechanism of [6]-Gingerol against Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in C57BL/6 Mice

Figure 5

Protective effect of GIN on the SCO-induced cognitive dysfunction in the Morris water maze test. (a) Effect of GIN on the SCO-induced spatial memory impairment that was represented by the mean escape latency. (b) On the 4th day after the final training trials, the mice were subjected to probe trials in which the platform was removed from the pool, and they were allowed to swim for 90 sec to search for the platform. Data were presented as mean ± SEM (). Significant difference between the groups: and , vehicle-treated control versus SCO (1 mg/kg, i.p.) group; and , SCO alone group versus GIN-treated (25 mg/kg, p.o.) group in combination with SCO.

(a)

(b)

(c)