Effect of Chlorogenic Acid Intake on Cognitive Function in the Elderly: A Pilot Study

Table 2

Neurocognitive function (Cogstate).

Task	Pre	Post		value	ES
Groton Maze Chase Test
Number of correct responses	23.0 ± 11.2	25.7 ± 8.6	0.797	0.456	0.271
Number of total errors	1.1 ± 1.5	2.7 ± 3.0	1.220	0.268	0.669
Correct responses per second	0.77 ± 0.37	0.86 ± 0.29	0.796	0.456	0.271
Groton Maze Learning Test
Number of total errors	80.9 ± 25.0	89.7 ± 21.0	0.936	0.385	0.383
Correct responses per second	0.45 ± 0.12	0.41 ± 0.09	1.346	0.227	0.371
Detection Test
Number of total errors	0.71 ± 1.10	0.86 ± 1.80	0.157	0.881	0.093
Reaction times for correct responses	433 ± 54	535 ± 142	2.248	0.066	0.951
Accuracy (%)	98.1 ± 2.9	97.8 ± 4.0	0.113	0.914	0.067
Identification Test
Number of total errors	1.29 ± 1.25	1.86 ± 2.79	0.603	0.603	0.264
Reaction times for correct responses	698 ± 112	705 ± 79	0.219	0.834	0.072
Accuracy (%)	96.1 ± 3.8	94.7 ± 7.3	0.555	0.599	0.229
One Card Learning Test
Number of total errors	34.0 ± 8.6	35.6 ± 11.3	1.010	0.352	0.157
Reaction times for correct responses	1094 ± 263	1073 ± 165	0.238	0.820	0.096
Accuracy (%)	61.6 ± 9.6	60.3 ± 12.1	0.763	0.474	0.118
One Back Test
Number of total errors	4.0 ± 4.3	1.1 ± 1.9	2.547	0.044	0.865
Reaction times for correct responses	968 ± 171	925 ± 82	0.712	0.503	0.325
Accuracy (%)	89.6 ± 10.2	96.7 ± 5.2	2.765	0.033	0.871
Two Back Test
Number of total errors	6.57 ± 4.43	5.57 ± 3.21	0.491	0.641	0.259
Reaction times for correct responses	1049 ± 251	1001 ± 161	0.618	0.559	0.227
Accuracy (%)	83.9 ± 9.4	85.7 ± 7.2	0.416	0.692	0.218
Continuous Paired Associate Learning Test
Number of total errors	131 ± 60	125 ± 94	0.184	0.860	0.080
Reaction times for correct responses	5287.6 ± 1422.0	4620.7 ± 2222.7	0.874	0.416	0.431
Accuracy (%)	32.6 ± 10.1	39.1 ± 18.7	1.047	0.335	0.436

Pre: preintervention; post: postintervention; ES: effect size; the measurement unit of reaction time is millisecond.