Syzygium jambos Displayed Antibacterial and Antibiotic-Modulating Activities against Resistant Phenotypes
Table 5
Resistance modulating effects of the leaves methanol extract from Syzygium jambos at its subinhibitory concentrations on selected S. aureus strains.
Antibiotics
Bacterial strains, MIC (μg/mL) of antibiotics in the absence and presence of the extract
Extract concentration
ATCC 25923
MRSA3
MRSA4
MRSA9
MRSA11
MRSA12
SA18
SA36
SA64
Antibiotic modulating effect (%)
CIP
0
8
≤0.5
8
≤0.5
1
2
2
4
8
MIC/2
≤0.5 (≥16)
≤0.5 (na)
4 (2)
≤0.5 (na)
≤0.5 (≥2)
2 (1)
≤0.5 (≥4)
≤0.5 (≥8)
8 (1)
55.56
MIC/4
8 (1)
≤0.5 (na)
16 (0.5)
≤0.5 (na)
≤0.5 (≥2)
2 (1)
≤0.5 (≥4)
≤0.5 (≥8)
8 (1)
33.33
CHL
0
64
64
4
128
128
128
8
128
32
MIC/2
≤2 (≥32)
32 (2)
4 (1)
128 (1)
64 (2)
64 (2)
≤2 (≥4)
≤2 (≥64)
16 (2)
77.78
MIC/4
64 (1)
64 (1)
4 (1)
128 (1)
64 (2)
64 (2)
4 (2)
≤2 (≥64)
32 (1)
44.44
TET
0
≤0.5
32
2
32
64
64
2
1
1
MIC/2
≤0.5 (na)
32 (1)
≤0.5 (≥4)
32 (1)
32 (2)
32 (2)
≤0.5 (≥4)
≤0.5 (≥2)
≤0.5 (≥2)
66.67
MIC/4
≤0.5 (na)
32 (1)
≤0.5 (≥4)
32 (1)
32 (2)
32 (2)
1 (2)
≤0.5 (≥2)
≤0.5 (≥2)
66.67
ERY
0
16
32
16
8
16
16
32
≤2
8
MIC/2
≤2 (≥8)
8 (4)
4 (4)
8 (1)
16 (1)
16 (1)
≤2 (≥16)
≤2 (na)
≤2 (≥4)
55.56
MIC/4
≤2 (≥8)
8 (4)
4 (4)
8 (1)
16 (1)
32 (0.5)
≤2 (≥16)
≤2 (na)
8 (1)
44.44
KAN
0
≤2
8
256
16
16
64
8
≤2
32
MIC/2
≤2 (na)
8 (1)
256 (1)
16 (1)
16 (1)
256 (0.25)
≤2 (≥4)
≤2 (na)
32 (1)
11.11
MIC/4
≤2 (na)
8 (1)
256 (1)
16 (1)
16 (1)
256 (0.25)
4 (2)
≤2 (na)
32 (1)
11.11
CEF
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
32
128
MIC/2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4 (8)
8 (16)
22.22
MIC/4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16 (2)
64 (2)
22.22
STR
0
256
128
64
128
64
64
128
128
16
MIC/2
≤2 (≥128)
64 (2)
64 (1)
64 (2)
32 (2)
64 (1)
4 (32)
≤2 (≥64)
16 (1)
66.67
MIC/4
256 (1)
64 (2)
64 (1)
64 (2)
64 (1)
64 (1)
4 (32)
≤2 (≥64)
16 (1)
44.44
AMP
0
-
-
256
-
-
-
128
256
-
MIC/2
-
-
256 (1)
-
-
-
128 (1)
≤2 (≥128)
-
11.11
MIC/4
-
-
256 (1)
-
-
-
128 (1)
256 (1)
-
0
TET: tetracycline, KAN: kanamycin, ERY: erythromycin, CHL: chloramphenicol, CIP: ciprofloxacin, AMP: ampicillin, STR: streptomycin, CEF: cefepime; (-): MIC not detected at up to 256 g/mL; (): modulating factor; na: not applicable; MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration; percentage of antibiotic’s modulating effect by the plant extracts; values in bold represent modulating factor ≥ 2 and modulating effect observed on more than 70% of the tested MDR bacteria.
