Review Article

Herbal Medicine Treatment for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

Table 2

Results of the included studies.

Author, yearEffect size

Ainuer et al., 2015 [14](1) TER: 1.24 [0.88, 1.75],

Hasanzadeh et al., 2012 [15](1) ABC-C score:
(i) Irritability: 0.66 [−3.10, 4.42],   
(ii) Lethargy and social withdrawal: −0.50 [−3.99, 2.99],   
(iii) Stereotypic behavior: −0.30 [−9.93, 9.33],   
(iv) Hyperactivity and noncompliance: 1.70 [−2.58, 5.98],   
(v) Inappropriate speech: −0.35 [−1.27, 0.57],

Jiang et al., 2016 [16](1) TER: 1.37 [1.01, 1.86],   
(2) CARS score: −3.60 [−7.00, −0.20],

Liang et al., 2015 [17](1) TER: 2.06 [1.30, 3.27],

Qiao et al., 2015 [18](1) TER: 1.38 [1.11, 1.71],

Sun et al., 2016 [19](1) TER: 1.29 [0.97, 1.73],   
(2) ABC score: −7.57 [−12.12, −3.02],   
(3) CARS score: −3.59 [−6.04, −1.14],

Yan and Lei, 2007 [20](1) TER: 2.02 [1.01, 4.02],

Zhao and Wang, 2014 [21](1) TER: 1.53 [1.09, 2.16],

Zhao et al., 2014 [22](1) TER: 1.41 [1.05, 1.89],

Zhou et al., 2015 [23](1) TER:
(i) 3 months: 1.47 [1.03, 2.09],   
(ii) 6 months: 1.07 [0.94, 1.23],   
(2) CARS score:
(i) 3 months: −2.76 [−5.20, −0.32],   
(ii) 6 months: −5.90 [−8.50, −3.30],

Note. is showed as TER: RR [95% CI], value; CARS, ABC-C, or ABC score: MD [95% CI], value; TER: total effective rate; ABC-C: Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community; RR: risk ratio; MD: mean difference; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; CARS: Childhood Autism Rating Scale; ABC: Autism Behavior Checklist.