Brazilian Amazon Traditional Medicine and the Treatment of Difficult to Heal Leishmaniasis Wounds with Copaifera

Figure 2

Diterpenes found in copaiba oils. (A) Patagonic acid [R₁ = H; R₂= CH₃; R₃ = furanone]; (B) hardwickiic acid [R₁ = COOH; R₂ = H; R₃ = furan]; (C) 15,16-epoxy-7β-acetoxy-3,13(16),14-clerodatriene-18-oic acid [R₁ = H; R₂ = H; R₃ = furan]; (D) 7-hydroxyhardwickiic acid [R₁ = OH; R₂ = CH₃ R₃ = furan]; (E) clerodane-15,18-dioic acid [R₁ = H; R₂ = CH₃; R₃ = CH(CH₃)CH₂COOCH₃]; (F) 3,13-clerodadiene-15-oic acid [R₁ = COOH]; (G) colavenol [R₁ = CH₂OH, trans C₁, C₂]; (H) Cis-colavenol [R₁ = CH₂OH cis C₁, C₂]; (I) 13-clerodane-15,16-olideo-18-oic acid [R₁ = furanone]; (J) clerodane-15,18-dioic acid [R₁ = CH₂(CH₃)CH₂CH₂COOH]; (L) clorechinic acid [R₁ = furan]; (M) copaiferolic acid [R₁ = COOH; R₂ = OH; R₃ = H; R₄ = H]; (N) copaiferic acid, [R₁ = COOH; R₂ = CH₃; R₃ = H; R₄ = H]; (O) 8(17), 13-labdadiene-15-ol [R₁ = CH₂OH; R₂ = CH₃; R₃ = H; R₄ = H]; (P) 11-hydroxycopalic acid [R₁ = COOH; R₂ = CH₃; R₃ = OH; R₄ = H]; (Q) ent-3-hydroxy-labda-8(17),13-diene-15-oic acid [R₁ = COOH; R₂ = CH₃; R₃ = H; R₄ = OH]; (R) ent-agatic acid [R₁ = COOH R₂ = COOH R₃ = H R₄ = H]; (S) copalic acid [R₁ = COOH; R₂ = CH₃; R₃ = H; R₄ = H]; (T) 11-acetoxy-copalic acid [R₁ = COOH; R₂ = CH₃; R₃ = CO₂CH₃; R₄ = H]; (U) cativic acid; (V) ent-16(β)-cauranic-19-oic acid [R₁ = CH₃; R₂ = H]; (X) ent-caura-16-ene-19-oic acid [R₁ and R₂ = CH₂]; R₁ and R₂ need for two connections, one and one .