Cold Hypersensitivity in the Hands and Feet May Be Associated with Functional Dyspepsia: Results of a Multicenter Survey Study
Table 3
The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for dyspepsia before and after propensity matching according to CHHF status.
Variable
Non-CHHF
Before matching
After matching
CHHF OR (95% CI)
value
CHHF OR (95% CI)
value
Digestion: bad
Ref
2.423 (2.036–2.884)
<0.001
1.836 (1.421–2.372)
<0.001
Appetite: not good
Ref
1.693 (1.264–2.268)
<0.001
1.349 (0.885–2.056)
0.165
Discomfort in the upper abdomen
Ref
2.134 (1.825–2.495)
<0.001
1.245 (0.990–1.566)
0.061
Vomiting
Ref
2.053 (1.572–2.680)
<0.001
1.515 (1.031–2.226)
0.035
Motion sickness
Ref
2.008 (1.689–2.389)
<0.001
1.641 (1.264–2.130)
<0.001
Exhaustion when hungry
Ref
1.621 (1.398–1.879)
<0.001
1.238 (0.994–1.542)
0.057
Belching
Ref
1.207 (1.041–1.400)
0.013
1.065 (0.854–1.329)
0.573
Epigastric burning
Ref
1.490 (1.268–1.751)
<0.001
1.347 (1.060–1.711)
0.015
Postprandial fullness
Ref
2.095 (1.769–2.481)
<0.001
1.615 (1.255–2.077)
<0.001
Nausea
Ref
2.038 (1.656–2.509)
<0.001
1.716 (1.260–2.336)
0.001
Epigastric pain
Ref
1.931 (1.598–2.332)
<0.001
1.393 (1.044–1.858)
0.024
Bloating
Ref
1.899 (1.625–2.219)
<0.001
1.883 (1.489–2.382)
<0.001
CHHF: cold hypersensitivity in the hands and feet; Non-CHHF: noncold hypersensitivity in the hands and feet; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; Ref: reference. “Non-CHHF” was employed as the reference in every analysis. Sample questions: digestion: “how is your digestion?”; appetite: “how is your appetite?”; symptoms (discomfort in the upper abdomen, vomiting, motion sickness, exhaustion when hungry, belching, epigastric burning, postprandial fullness, nausea, epigastric pain, and bloating): “do you have any of the following symptoms?” Symptoms are the sum of “often” and “sometimes” responses.
