Cold Hypersensitivity in the Hands and Feet May Be Associated with Functional Dyspepsia: Results of a Multicenter Survey Study
Table 2
Dyspepsia in the CHHF and non-CHHF groups before and after propensity matching.
Variable
Before matching
After matching
CHHF
Non-CHHF
value
CHHF
Non-CHHF
value
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
Digestion
Good
814 (67.3)
1453 (83.3)
<0.001
440 (68.8)
513 (80.2)
<0.001
Bad
395 (32.7)
291 (16.7)
200 (31.3)
127 (19.8)
Appetite
Extremely good
74 (6.1)
131 (7.5)
<0.001
43 (6.7)
45 (7.0)
0.045
Good
608 (50.3)
1014 (58.1)
319 (49.9)
366 (57.2)
Average
423 (35)
508 (29.1)
223 (34.9)
188 (29.4)
Not good
103 (8.5)
91 (5.2)
54 (8.5)
41 (6.4)
Discomfort in the upper abdomen
Often
74 (6.1)
40 (2.3)
<0.001
32 (5.0)
17 (2.7)
0.038
Sometimes
441 (36.5)
410 (23.5)
210 (32.8)
193 (30.2)
Rarely
694 (57.4)
1294 (74.2)
398 (62.2)
430 (67.2)
Vomiting
Often
5 (0.4)
5 (0.3)
<0.001
3 (0.5)
3 (0.5)
0.094
Sometimes
133 (11)
98 (5.6)
67 (10.5)
45 (7.0)
Rarely
1071 (88.6)
1641 (94.1)
570 (89.1)
592 (92.5)
Motion sickness
Often
40 (3.3)
19 (1.1)
<0.001
16 (2.5)
11 (1.7)
0.001
Sometimes
327 (27)
292 (16.7)
165 (25.8)
113 (17.7)
Rarely
842 (69.6)
1433 (82.2)
459 (71.7)
516 (80.6)
Exhaustion when hungry
Often
132 (10.9)
120 (6.9)
<0.001
60 (9.4)
41 (6.4)
0.057
Sometimes
524 (43.3)
617 (35.4)
260 (40.6)
245 (38.3)
Rarely
553 (45.7)
1007 (57.7)
320 (50)
354 (55.3)
Belching
Often
135 (11.2)
125 (7.2)
<0.001
70 (10.9)
53 (8.3)
0.272
Sometimes
408 (33.7)
578 (33.1)
217 (33.9)
224 (35.0)
Rarely
666 (55.1)
1041 (59.7)
353 (55.2)
363 (56.7)
Epigastric burning
Often
48 (4.0)
41 (2.4)
<0.001
19 (3.0)
17 (2.7)
0.049
Sometimes
354 (29.3)
396 (22.7)
194 (30.3)
156 (24.4)
Rarely
807 (66.7)
1307 (74.9)
427 (66.7)
467 (73.0)
Postprandial fullness
Often
73 (6.0)
47 (2.7)
<0.001
32 (5.0)
19 (3.0)
0.001
Sometimes
326 (27.0)
285 (16.3)
166 (25.9)
120 (18.8)
Rarely
810 (67.0)
1412 (81.0)
442 (69.1)
501 (78.3)
Nausea
Often
32 (3.6)
20 (1.6)
<0.001
13 (2.8)
12 (2.6)
0.002
Sometimes
228 (25.6)
187 (15.2)
121 (25.7)
74 (16.2)
Rarely
631 (70.8)
1024 (83.2)
336 (71.5)
370 (81.1)
Epigastric pain (related to digestion)
Often
40 (3.3)
22 (1.3)
<0.001
12 (1.9)
9 (1.4)
0.078
Sometimes
250 (20.7)
223 (12.8)
118 (18.4)
90 (14.1)
Rarely
919 (76.0)
1499 (86.0)
510 (79.7)
541 (84.5)
Bloating
Often
76 (6.3)
51 (2.9)
<0.001
35 (5.5)
16 (2.5)
<0.001
Sometimes
422 (34.9)
419 (24)
228 (35.6)
157 (24.5)
Rarely
711 (58.8)
1274 (73.1)
377 (58.9)
467 (73.0)
values are calculated from chi-square tests of the CHHF versus non-CHHF groups. CHHF: cold hypersensitivity in the hands and feet; Non-CHHF: noncold hypersensitivity in the hands and feet. Sample questions: digestion: “how is your digestion?”; appetite: “how is your appetite?”; symptoms (discomfort in the upper abdomen, vomiting, motion sickness, exhaustion when hungry, belching, epigastric burning, postprandial fullness, nausea, epigastric pain, and bloating): “do you have any of the following symptoms?”
