Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Vascular Dementia: An Overview of Scientific Evidence

Table 2

Multitarget mechanisms underlying pharmacological effects of SLT components.

Therapeutic targets associated with VaD	Ginseng			Ginkgo			Saffron
	Rg1	Re	Rb1	Rd	Ginkgo flavonoids	Ginkgolides	Total flavone-glycosides	Crocetin	Crocin
Excitatory amino acid			X	X	X	X	X
Energy depletion						X	X
Calcium overload			X	X		X	X		X
Inflammation cascade				X		X
Oxidative stress	X	X				X	X
Cholinergic system	X	X					X
Apoptosis	X		X				X
Cytoskeleton						X	X
Antithrombus	X						X
Fibrinolysis	X						X
Platelet aggregation					X	X	X	X	X
Cerebral circulation	X				X		X