Potential Health Benefits of Deep Sea Water: A Review

Table 15

Effects of deep sea water on antibacterial activity.

Type of study model	Experimental method [subject (age/weight), treatment dosage, duration of treatment]	Major activity	Reference
In vitro study	Five types ratio of DSW containing magnesium : calcium (Mg : Ca) ratios of 1 : 2 (A), 1 : 1 (B), 3 : 1 (C), 1 : 0 (D), and 0 : 1 (E) at different concentrations to give levels of hardness of 100, 250, 500, and 1000; produced 20 types of samples; Sixteen H. pylori strains, clinical isolates were obtained from patients with gastric cancer, gastric ulcer, and normal gastric mucosa	Inhibited bacterial growth and mobility.	[42]
In vitro study	Sheep blood, H. pylori obtained from gastric biopsy specimens of peptic ulcer patients, 3 to 5 days	DSW hardness of 1200 and 2400 inhibited growth of H. pylori strains by 20% and 60%, respectively.	[36]
In vivo study	Male Mongolian gerbils (4 weeks), DSW at 5 different Mg/Ca ratios (hardness of 1000) were administered for 2 weeks	Decreased amount of H. pylori colonized in stomach by treatment with 2 types of DSW ratio which are C and D.; Anti-H. pylori effects were observed in ≥90% of subjects.	[42]
Clinical study	Healthy subjects infected with H. pylori, DSW at 5 different Mg/Ca ratios (hardness: 1000), 1 L/daily, 10 days	Reduced Δ13 C values.	[42]