Herbal Remedies for Coccidiosis Control: A Review of Plants, Compounds, and Anticoccidial Actions

Table 1

Anticoccidial properties of plants.

S. number	Plant species (usage)	Usage	Eimeria species	Parameter measured	Reference
1	S. flavescens	Decoction	Et	WG ↑, OC ↓, BD ↓, LS ↓, and M ↓	[41]
2	S. acutum	Decoction	Et	WG ↑, OC ↓, BD ↓, LS ↓, and M ↓	[41]
3	Q. indica	Decoction	Et	WG ↑ and M ↓	[41]
4	P. koreana	Decoction	Et	WG ↑ and LS ↓	[41]
5	U. macrocarpa	Decoction	Et	LS ↓	[41]
6	A. asiatica	Decoction	Et	WG ↑ and LS ↓	[41]
7	G. japonica	Decoction	Et	LS ↓	[41]
8	M. azedarach	Decoction	Et	WG ↑ and LS ↓	[41]
9, 10	P. nigrum and U. dioica	Ethanolic extract	Mixed species	OC ↓	[42]
11	A. sieberi	Petroleum ether extract	Et	OC ↓, BD ↓, LS ↓, and M ↓	[43–45]
12	L. sativum	Ethanolic extract	Et	OC ↓, LS ↓, M ↓, and WG ↑	[46]
13	F. vulgare	Ground leaves powder	Et	OC ↓, LS ↓, M ↓, WG ↑, and BD ↓	[47]
14	M. lucida	Ground leaves powder	Mixed species	WG ↑ and OC ↓	[48]
15	C. swynnertonii	Ethanolic resinous extract	Oocysts	OC ↓, M ↓, and WG ↑	[49]
16	M. oleifera	Acetone leaves extract	Mixed species	WG ↑ and OC ↓	[50]
17	Origanum spp.	Essential oil	Mixed species	OC ↓, LS ↓, M ↓, and WG ↑	[51]
18	L. nobilis	Essential oil	Mixed species	OC ↓, LS ↓, M ↓, and WG ↑	[51]
19	L. stoechas	Essential oil	Mixed species	OC ↓, LS ↓, M ↓, and WG ↑	[51]
20	M. paradisiaca	Methanolic extract	Et	OC ↓ and PCV ↑	[52]
21	M. stenopetala	Ground leaves powder	Et	OC ↓, LS ↓, and WG ↑	[53]
22	S. nigrum	Decoction	Et	WG ↑ and FC ↑	[54]
23	M. arvensis	Decoction	Et	WG ↑ and FC ↑	[54]
24	M. indica	Decoction	Et	WG ↑ and FC ↑	[54]
25	M. azedarach	Fresh juice	Mixed species	OC ↓	[55]
26	T. violacea	Acetone extract	Et	OC ↓, LS ↓, and FC ↑	[56]
27	V. vinifera	Acetone extract	Et	OC ↓, LS ↓, and FC ↑	[56]
28	A. afra	Acetone extract	Et	OC ↓, LS ↓, and FC ↑	[56]
29	G. rhois	Ground powder	Et	OC ↓, LS ↓, M ↓, and WG ↑	[57]
30, 31, 32	Q. infectoria, R. chinensis, and T. chebula	?	Et, Em, and Ea	OC ↓, LS ↓, and M ↓	[7]

Et: E. tenella; Ea: E. acervulina; Ema: E. maxima; Eb: E. brunetti; En: E. necatrix; Emi: E. mivati; WG: body weight gain; OC: oocyst count; FC: feed consumption; M: mortality; EO: essential oil; BD: bloody diarrhea; FCR: feed conversion ratio; LS: lesion scores; ↑: improvement/increase/higher; ↓: decrease/lower; PCV: packed cell volume; : whole plants and/or aerial parts of plants were used for tests unless indicated otherwise; ?: unknown.