Effects of Tai Chi and Walking Exercises on Weight Loss, Metabolic Syndrome Parameters, and Bone Mineral Density: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 3
Between-group differences of body weight, body mass, metabolic syndrome parameters, and bone mineral density after intervention.
Measure
Tai Chi versus controla
Walking versus controla
Tai Chi versus walkinga
Between-group difference (95% CI)
value
Between-group difference (95% CI)
value
Between-group difference (95% CI)
value
Weight (kg)
−0.60 (−0.94 to −0.25)
0.008
−0.85 (−1.20 to −0.50)
<0.001
0.26 (−0.09 to 0.60)
0.164
Total body fat mass (kg)
−0.56 (−0.96 to −0.17)
0.004
−0.68 (−1.08 to −0.28)
<0.001
0.12 (−0.28 to 0.51)
0.353
Total body lean mass (kg)
0.08 (−0.86 to 1.01)
0.926
−0.01 (−0.96 to 0.94)
0.858
0.08 (−0.85 to 1.02)
0.878
Waist circumference (cm)
−3.7 (−4.4 to −2.9)
<0.001
−4.1 (−5.0 to −3.2)
<0.001
0.5 (−0.6 to 1.5)
0.489
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)
−1.2 (−3.6 to 1.1)
0.311
−1.1 (−3.5 to 1.3)
0.283
0.4 (−0.5 to 1.3)
0.824
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)
1.2 (−0.9 to 3.2)
0.568
−0.3 (−2.4 to 1.8)
0.340
1.4 (−0.7 to 3.5)
0.201
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)
−0.18 (−0.27 to −0.09)
<0.001
−0.22 (−0.31 to −0.13)
<0.001
0.04 (−0.05 to 0.13)
0.366
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
0.11 (−0.02 to 0.24)
0.095
0.05 (−0.09 to 0.18)
0.269
0.06 (−0.07 to 0.20)
0.453
HDL-C (mmol/L)
0.07 (0.01 to 0.14)
0.330
0.01 (−0.06 to 0.08)
0.705
0.06 (−0.004 to 0.13)
0.060
LDL-C (mmol/L)
0.02 (−0.11 to 0.15)
0.850
0.002 (−0.13 to 0.14)
0.882
0.02 (−0.11 to 0.15)
0.708
Triglycerides (mmol/L)
0.10 (−0.02 to 0.23)
0.085
0.05 (−0.17 to 0.08)
0.693
0.06 (−0.06 to 0.18)
0.265
Bone mineral density (mg/cm2)
−0.06 (−6.16 to 6.03)
0.477
1.33 (−7.52 to 4.86)
0.295
1.27 (−4.85 to 7.39)
0.573
HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. values were calculated for the time × group interaction effects from baseline to 3 months between groups by repeated ANCOVA; variables with significantly different between groups at baseline were adjusted as covariates.