The Effects of Tai Chi in Centrally Obese Adults with Depression Symptoms
Table 2
Changes in primary and secondary outcomes and other physical activities during the 24 weeks of intervention (ITT analyses)a.
Variables
Comparison
Mean change from baseline (95% CI)
Between-group difference (95% CI)
Tai Chi ( = 106)
Control ( = 107)
Tai Chi versus control
valueb
CES-D depression score
3 mths versus baseline
−3.6 (−4.7 to −2.6)
−1.1 (−1.8 to −0.4)
−3.0 (−4.3 to −1.8)
<0.001
6 mths versus baseline
−5.0 (−6.2 to −3.8)
−1.0 (−1.9 to −0.2)
−4.5 (−5.9 to −3.0)
<0.001
DASS depression score
12 wks versus baseline
−5.9 (−7.6 to −4.1)
−0.9 (−2.4 to 0.5)
−5.6 (−7.7 to −3.5)
<0.001
24 wks versus baseline
−7.2 (−9.0 to −5.3)
−0.6 (−2.2 to 1.0)
−7.2 (−9.4 to −5.0)
<0.001
DASS anxiety score
12 wks versus baseline
−1.8 (−3.0 to −0.6)
0.4 (−0.7 to 1.4)
−2.3 (−3.8 to −0.8)
0.003
24 wks versus baseline
−2.2 (−3.3 to −1.1)
0.4 (−0.6 to 1.4)
−2.7 (−4.1 to −1.2)
<0.001
DASS stress score
12 wks versus baseline
−4.0 (−5.6 to −2.4)
−0.6 (−2.0 to 0.7)
−3.6 (−5.5 to −1.6)
<0.001
24 wks versus baseline
−4.4 (−6.2 to −2.7)
−1.1 (−2.3 to 0.2)
−3.6 (−5.5 to −1.6)
<0.001
Leg strength (number of stands in 30 s)
12 wks versus baseline
1.5 (1.0 to 2.1)
0.5 (0.0 to 0.9)
1.1 (0.4 to 1.8)
0.001
24 wks versus baseline
2.0 (1.3 to 2.7)
0.5 (0.0 to 1.0)
1.6 (0.7 to 2.4)
<0.001
Waist circumference (cm)
12 wks versus baseline
−1.4 (−2.2 to −0.7)
−1.4 (−2.2 to −0.7)
−0.0 (−1.0 to 1.0)
0.97
24 wks versus baseline
−1.2 (−2.1 to −0.3)
−1.8 (−2.7 to −0.9)
0.6 (−0.6 to 1.9)
0.32
Body mass index (kg/m2)
12 wks versus baseline
−0.1 (−0.2 to 0.1)
0.0 (−0.2 to 0.2)
−0.1 (−0.3 to 0.2)
0.54
24 wks versus baseline
−0.1 (−0.3 to 0.1)
0.1 (−0.1 to 0.4)
−0.2 (−0.5 to 0.1)
0.17
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)
12 wks versus baseline
0.1 (−0.1 to 0.4)
−0.0 (−0.2 to 0.2)
0.1 (−0.2 to 0.4)
0.43
24 wks versus baseline
0.1 (−0.1 to 0.3)
0.1 (−0.1 to 0.3)
−0.1 (−0.3 to 0.2)
0.62
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
12 wks versus baseline
1.2 (−0.3 to 2.7)
0.5 (−1.6 to 2.5)
0.5 (−1.7 to 2.7)
0.64
24 wks versus baseline
1.0 (−0.3 to 2.4)
0.4 (−1.5 to 2.3)
0.4 (−1.7 to 2.5)
0.71
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
12 wks versus baseline
0.7 (−0.3 to 1.6)
−0.2 (−1.3 to 0.8)
0.9 (−0.3 to 2.1)
0.15
24 wks versus baseline
0.1 (−0.8 to 1.0)
−0.1 (−1.0 to 0.9)
0.2 (−1.0 to 1.4)
0.77
Triglyceride (mmol/L)
12 wks versus baseline
−0.06 (−0.24 to 0.12)
0.03 (−0.07 to 0.13)
0.01 (−0.15 to 0.16)
0.94
24 wks versus baseline
−0.12 (−0.37 to 0.13)
−0.01 (−0.11 to 0.09)
−0.01 (−0.19 to 0.16)
0.88
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)
12 wks versus baseline
0.0 (0.0 to 0.1)
0.0 (−0.0 to 0.1)
0.0 (−0.0 to 0.1)
0.65
24 wks versus baseline
0.1 (0.0 to 0.1)
0.1 (0.0 to 0.1)
−0.0 (−0.0 to 0.0)
0.93
Other physical activities (hours)
Total in first 12 wks
Mean = 25.6
Mean = 47.3
−21.9 (−36.7 to −7.2)
0.004
Total in second 12 wks
Mean = 24.4
Mean = 50.5
−26.1 (−46.6 to −5.5)
0.013
Values were calculated with intention-to-treat analyses.
bP values were calculated with generalized estimating equations analyses after adjustment for baseline. ITT = intention-to-treat analyses. CI = confidence interval. CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale 10. DASS = Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21.
