Effect of Astaxanthin Supplementation on Salivary IgA, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Young Soccer Players

Figure 1

Salivary flow (a), salivary IgA concentration (b), and salivary IgA secretion rate (c) in soccer players at baseline and after 90 days of supplementation. Values are presented as mean ± SE. The difference in relation to baseline was significant at 0.05 ().

(a) Salivary flow (mL/min)

(b) sIgA (μg/min)

(c) sIgA (μg/min)