Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Olea europaea (Olive)

Table 5

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Olea europaea.

S. no.	Part/type of extract/compound	Assay	Activity	Method/reference drug	Reference
1	Leaves extract	Antioxidant	High	Oxidation of soybean under microwaves	[213]
2	Olive leaves infusion	Antioxidant	Good	Hydroxyl and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals	[196]
3	Ethanolic extract of leaves	Antioxidant	High	DPPH radicals	[197]
4	Olive fruit	Antioxidant	Good	DPPH radicals	[199]
5	Volatile fractions of leaves	Antibacterial and antifungal	Moderate to high	Microwell dilution assay/DMSO	[175]
6	Aqueous extract of leaves	Antimicrobial	Remarkable	Paper disc diffusion method/erythromycin	[174]
7	Acetone extract of leaves	Antibacterial	Good	Paper disc diffusion method/oleuropein	[172]
8	Fruit and leaves	Antioxidant	Good	DPPH radicals	[136]
9	Olive pulp	Antioxidant	Excellent	Vitamin C	[211]
10	Alperujo (olive waste)	Antimicrobial	Good	Syringic acid	[177]
11	Volatiles of olive fruits	Antibacterial and antifungal	Moderate	Amphotericin, levofloxacin	[181]
12	Aqueous extract of leaves	Antioxidant	Good	Trolox	[208]
13	Leaf extract	Antioxidant	Good	DPPH radicals	[200]
14	Aqueous solutions from table olives	Antibacterial and antifungal	Good	Streptomycin, oxytetracycline	[178]
15	Leaves extract	Antioxidative stress	Moderate	MTT assay/oleuropein	[147]
16	Maslinic acid	Antiparasitic	Dose dependent	Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride	[182]
17	Dry extract of table olives	Antioxidant	Very good	Trolox	[204]
18	Acetone extract of olive leaves + oleuropein	Antibacterial	Very good	Oleuropein	[172]
19	Leaf extract	Antioxidant and antimicrobial	Excellent	Oleuropein	[173]
20	Oleuropein aglycones, 3,4-DHPEA-EA, and 3,4-DHPEA-EDA	Anti-oxidative damage to erythrocytes	Good	Hydroxytyrosol	[207]
21	High strength leaf extract	Antimicrobial	Excellent	—	[170]
22	Dhokar cultivar olives	Antioxidant	Good	DPPH radicals	[201]
23	Aqueous leaf extract	Antioxidant and antimicrobial	Good	DPPH radicals/streptomycin	[171]
24	Leaf extract	Antioxidant and antimicrobial	Dose dependent	Ascorbic acid	[171]
25	Phenolics released by hydrothermal treatment of olive tree pruning	Antioxidant	Good	Trolox	[205]
26	Leaf extract	Antioxidant	Good	Trolox	[262]
27	Aqueous extract of leaves	Antifungal	The best	Oleuropein	[179]
28	Aqueous extract of leaves	Antimicrobial	Good	—	[167]
29	Dialdehydic form of decarboxymethyl elenolic acid	Antimicrobial	More potent than oleuropein	Hydroxytyrosol	[168]
30	Leaves sprayed with copper formulations	Antioxidant	Low activity due to decrease in phenolic content	-Tocopherol and gallic acid	[206]
31	Aqueous ethanolic extract	Antioxidant activity	Good	-Tocopherol and gallic acid	[198]
32	Aliphatic aldehydes from olive fruit	Antifungal and antielastase	Active except Candida spp.	Miconazole	[180]
33	Table olives from Portugal	Antioxidant and antimicrobial	Active except Candida spp.	α-Tocopherol, TBHQ, ampicillin, and cycloheximide	[263]
34	Extracts of leaves, fruits, and seeds	Antioxidant	High	Trolox	[202]
35	Oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol	Antioxidant	High	Vitamin E, BHT	[185]
36	Long chain α, β-unsaturated aldehydes from olive fruit	Antimicrobial	Broad spectrum activity	—	[166]
37	Phenolics from olive oil mill waste water	Antioxidant	Good	2,3-Tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, L-ascorbic acid	[192]
38	Maslinic acid	Antioxidant	Good	Silymarin	[193]
39	EVOO	Antioxidant	Good	Methyl linoleate	[191]
40	Phenolics	Antioxidant	Good	Ascorbic acid	[195]