Review Article

The Anti-Inflammatory and Antibacterial Action of Nanocrystalline Silver and Manuka Honey on the Molecular Alternation of Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Table 5

Comparison of the antibacterial effect and cytotoxicity of honey and silver.

NumberAuthorsFundingNature of studiesMajor findings

Antibacterial effect
[106]Nasir et al., 2010University-fundedIn vitroAquacel Ag (hydrofiber Ag) had a greater zone of inhibition than MH-soaked aquacel in Gram-negative bacteria
[107]Guthrie et al., 2014Self-fundedAnimal studyActicoat (nAg dressing) can reduce the bacterial burden more effectively than MH in a heavily contaminated mice model
[108]Bradshaw, 2011University-fundedIn vitroThere is no significant difference in antibacterial activity between honey and silver dressings, but a significant difference in the strength of activity among different brands of silver dressings
[109]Lund-Nielsen et al., 2011Self-fundedIn vivoThere is no significant difference in the qualitative bacteriology of malignant wounds between honey-coated and silver-coated dressings

Cytotoxicity
[110]Du Toit and Page, 2009Self-fundedIn vitroMarked cytotoxicity with high nonviability staining and cell-scoring was observed in the nAg group (Acticoat) compared with the honey group (L-Mesitran: medical grade natural honey from Netherlands) and the control group
[111]Tshukudu et al., 2010Company-sponsoredIn vitroThere was no significant difference between the best-performing silver and honey-based dressing extracts with regard to cell viability